B
Baal
ancient Semitic fertility god
Fishburn and Hughes : "The Semitic for 'Lord': the name of many ancient near-eastern fertility gods. In Babylon, Baal was identified with the planet Jupiter and later became one of their chief gods. Though used at times to designate the god of Israel, the name is normally associated in the Old Testament with lesser, more local gods and condemned by the Hebrew prophets. Jeremiah associates the cult with heathen practices of a violent and cruel kind. Given the fluidity of the worship of Baal, it is difficult to establish the mysteries alluded to. The cult was based on magic, on violent and ecstatic exercises and on human sacrifice." (20)
Baal Shem Tobh, Israel ben Eliezer
founder of Hasidism, 1700-1760
Fishburn and Hughes : "A Hebrew word, meaning 'master of the Name' the person who knows how to use God’s name. Israel ben Eliezer (c.1700-1760) was known as Baal Shem Tov. He originated from Podolia and was the founder of eighteenth-century Polish Hasidism. The title Baal Shem is based on his belief in the miraculous power of the Sacred Name, which he invoked to work miracles.
Any biography of Baal Shem would necessarily be highly fictional, since he left no writings and the little we know of him is interwoven with legend. Borges may, however, be referring to Martín Buber's Die Legende des Baalschem (1908: trans. 1955)". (21)
Babai
monster which helps devour the dead in Egyptian mythology
Babbitt
Lewis satirical novel, 1922
Babbitt, George Folansbee
character in Lewis novel
Babbulkund
Dunsany
Babel
Tower of Babel in the Bible
Fishburn and Hughes: "Assyrian word, Bab-ili, meaning 'the gate of the God', the original name of Babylon; cf. Hebrew balal, to 'confuse'. The story of the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1-9) seeks to explain the diversity of mankind. Man's presumption in building a tower to reach heaven is frustrated by God, who confounds the language of those who built it, dividing their speech. The story was probably inspired by the pyramidal temple-tower in Babylon." (21)
Babia
in Spanish, "estar en babia" is to be in the clouds, but Babia is also a place in León, Spain
Babilonia
ancient Babylon
Fishburn and Hughes : "Greek form of Babel. An ancient city on the Euphrates, first mentioned in a tablet of 3800 BC, famous for its astronomical and astrological practices. From 2250 BC Babylon was the capital of an extensive commercial empire periodically fighting for supremacy with the neighbouring Assyrians. After the fall of Nineveh in 606 BC Nebuchadnezzar II rebuilt the town, fortifying it with towers and a wall which joined the Tigris to the Euphrates. When the western regions of the empire rose in revolt, led by Egypt, Babylon retaliated, destroying Jerusalem and enslaving the Jews. The decay of Babylon began in 500 BC with King Belshazzar, who saw the 'writing on the wall'. It was occupied first by Cyrus of Persia and then by Alexander of Macedon, after whose death in 323 BC it dwindled to a group of villages.
Among the Babylonians all transactions were carried out on clay tablets, many of which survive, along with documentation of their religion, magic and astrology. A complex system of gods involved a hierarchy of priests and many liturgical rites, including the making of horoscopes. A vast legal organisation governed the life of individuals: capital punishment was applied for theft, and the judicial system was based on the Lex Talionis ('an eye for an eye')." (21)
Babuglia
character in Bustos Domecq story
Bacarisse, Mauricio
Spanish writer, 1895-1931
Bach, Johann Sebastian
German composer, 1685-1750
Bachelier, Mme. Henri
character in Borges story, to whom "Le jardin du centaure" is attributed
Bachiller. See Carrasco, Sansón
Back to Methuselah
Shaw play, 1921
Baco
Bacchus or Dionysus, ancient god of wine and ecstasy
Bacon, Delia
US writer, 1811-1859, leading proponent of the idea that Shakespeare's plays were written by Francis Bacon
Bacon, Francis
English philosopher and writer, 1561-1626, author of The Advancement of Learning, The New Atlantis and numerous essays
Fishburn and Hughes : "An English courtier, jurist and philosopher, best known for his Novum Organum (1620) and Essays (1625). The Novum Organum sets out his plan for restructuring scientific knowledge. The Essays deal with family life, virtues and vices, religion, education, health, politics, friendship and beauty.
In Essay 58, 'Of Vicissitude of Things', Bacon begins with Solomon's dictum 'There is no new thing under the sun'. He then discusses the recurring calamities in human experience - earthquakes and deluges, religious discord, wars and the fall of empires -and ends by warning us not to 'look too long upon these turning wheels of vicissitudes lest we become giddy'." (21-22)
Bacon, Roger
English philosopher and scientist, c. 1220-1292
Bacot, Jacques
French scholar of Tibet, 1877-1965, author of La Vie de Marpa le traducteur
Bacourt, baroness
character in Borges story
Bactria
ancient Greek kingdom in central Asia, the capital of which is now the city of Balkh in Afghanistan
Baculard, Germaine
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : "abuela materna de Eisengardt, de sangre ‘cartesiana’ ya que, al igual que el filósofo René Descartes (1596−1650), era de origen francés" (328).
Baculard, Jean-Christophe
character in Bustos Domecq story
Bacumler, Alfred
German philosopher, 1887-1968, who used Nietzsche to legitimize Nazism
Badana
Badoglio, Adelma
Argentine educator, author of bio-biographical note on Honorio Bustos Domecq
Parodi : la profesión de este personaje no sólo se revela en la palabra “educadora” sino especialmente en su estilo de escritura, el tono, los comentarios, el léxico que emplea, los lugares comunes, que permiten identificarla como modelo exacerbado de la maestra de escuela primaria. La aposición de su nombre al sustantivo “educadora” deja entrever que Badoglio fue tal vez la única encargada de la educación de Bustos. El calificativo de “señorita” que precede al nombre no necesariamente alude al estado civil o a la edad de Badoglio; el autor de las dos primeras líneas de la página −Bustos− emplea la forma de tratamiento tradicional en las escuelas argentinas, donde ‘mi señorita’ es sinónimo de ‘mi maestra’. El apellido de este personaje podría haber sido elegido al azar ya que carece de alusiones particulares; se trata de un apellido típicamente piamontés, más frecuente en las provincias de Santa Fe y de Córdoba, donde históricamente se dio una mayor concentración de inmigrantes de esa región de Italia. No obstante, debe tenerse en cuenta que, especialmente en los años treinta y cuarenta, ese apellido se mencionaba con frecuencia en las noticias internacionales: el Mariscal Pietro Badoglio (1871−1956), Marqués de Sabotino y Duque de Addis Abeba, fue un célebre militar italiano que participó en las guerras de Etiopía, de Tripolitania y en la Primera Guerra Mundial, en la que actuó como Comandante en Jefe del Ejército italiano. Al instaurarse el fascismo, fue nombrado Mariscal y Jefe del Estado Mayor; entre 1924 y 1925 se desempeñó como embajador en Brasil. Fue además gobernador de Tripolitania, comandó las tropas italianas en Etiopía y conquistó Addis Abeba. Cuando en 1943 el rey Víctor Manuel III destituyó a Mussolini, puso a Badoglio al frente del gobierno monárquico con el cargo de Primer Ministro. Hasta entonces miembro del Partido Nacional Fascista, durante su ministerio Badoglio disolvió el partido y firmó un armisticio por el que Italia se ponía del lado de los aliados y aceptaba una rendición incondicional. Ese mismo año, el gobierno italiano declaró la guerra a Alemania y Mussolini habló por radio a los italianos proclamando la “traición de Badoglio”, que dimitió en 1944. Por sus vinculaciones con el fascismo, en la posguerra fue privado de cargos y honores hasta que la Democracia Cristiana lo rehabilitó en 1948. (15)
https://www.borges.pitt.edu/book/borges-bioy-en-contexto-una-lectura-gu…
Badrbasim
son of Shahriman, character in the Arabian Nights
Baedeker
Fishburn and Hughes : "A German publisher, famous for the guide books bearing his name." (22)
Bagdad
Baghdad, capital of Iraq
Fishburn and Hughes : "The capital of Iraq, a city on the river Tigris. Under the Abbasid dynasty it was a celebrated centre of Arab culture and the glory of the Moslem world, a position it later shared with Cordoba. Many of the tales of the Thousand and One Nights , centred on the court of the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid (763-809), are set in Baghdad." (22)
Bagé
town in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Fishburn and Hughes : "A city in southern Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil near the border with Uruguay." (22)
Bagehot, Walter
English journalist and literary critic, 1826-1877, here mentioned for his 1859 book on Milton
Bagnoregio, countess
character in Borges story
Bahadur Ali, Mir
Bombay lawyer, author of The Approach to Al-Mu'tasim
Bahamut
Arabian monster related to the Behemoth
Bahia
state in northeastern Brazil
Bahía Blanca
port city in southern part of the province of Buenos Aires
Bahía de Tous les Saints
French name for Bahia de Todos os Santos, Brazil
Bahnsen, Julius Friedrich August
German philosopher, 1830-81, author of Philosophie und Nationalitat, Zur Philosophie der Geschichte and other works
Bahnwärter Thiel
Hauptmann novella, 1888
Bahr, Hermann
Austrian playwright and writer, 1863-1934
Baigent, Francis J.
Tichborne family friend, 1830-1918, ally of the Claimant
Baigorri
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : Juan Pedro Baigorri (1892-1972), “el mago de Villa Luro”, fue un argentino o, tal vez, uruguayo, graduado de ingeniero en Milán que inventó una máquina para producir lluvias. Recorrió todo el país con su artefacto y, aunque su suerte fue dispar, se convirtió en un personaje célebre. En “El perjurio de la nieve” ( Historias 61), Bioy lo recuerda como “el señor Baigorri, que fabricaba tormentas en Villa Luro”; en ese barrio del oeste de Buenos Aires, en el altillo de su casa, Baigorri había instalado su laboratorio. (366)
Bailarines de tango
Marcelo del Mazo poem, 1910
Bailarines, Los
A poem by Marcelo del Mazo
Bailey Aldrich, Thomas
American writer (1836-1907).
Bailey, Henry Chistopher
English author of detective fiction, 1878-1961, whose stories often featured a detective named Reggie Fortune
Baines, Sophia
character in Arnold Bennett novel The Old Wives' Tale
Bainville, Jacques
French historian and journalist, 1879-1936, a founder of Action Française and an anti-Dreyfusard
Bajo
avenue along edge of port in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes : "The unhealthy low-lying swamp land by the waterfront of Buenos Aires, always considered a rough and dangerous district. It was subject to floods and epidemics due to poor housing and associated with smuggling and prostitution." (22)
Bajo Rhin
lower part of Rhine valley
Baker Street
street in London, famous as the residence of Sherlock Holmes
Baker, George Pierce
US specialist in modern theater, 1866-1935, teacher of Eugene O'Neill at Harvard and later a founder of the Yale School of Drama
Balada de la carcel de Reading. See Ballad of Reading
Balada de Maldon. See Ballad of Maldon
Balada del caballo. See Ballad of the White Horse
Balada del fino amor
Lugones poem in Las horas doradas
Balada del viejo marinero. See Ancient Marine
Baladas cuarteleras. See Barrack-room Ballads
Baladhuri
Abu-l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Jabir al- Baladhuri, Arabian historian born in Persia, d. 892, author of Ansab ul-Ashraf or Genealogies of the Nobles, and of the Futuh ul-Buldan or Conquests of Lands, an account of the early conquests of Mohammed and the early caliphs
Balbuceo
Banchs poem
Balcarce
hillls near Mar del Plata
Balcarce
street in Buenos Aires
Balcarce, Florencio
Argentine poet, 1818-1839
Parodi : “El cigarro” es una canción que el poeta Florencio Balcarce (1818-1839) escribió en Francia, en la localidad de Boulogne-sur-Mer, en una de sus visitas al General San Martín en su lugar de exilio en Francia. En Memorias 13-14, Bioy comenta: “Cuando yo era chico [...] de Florencio Balcarce mi padre me recitaba el un tanto machacón “Cigarro””. En sus conversaciones con Sorrrentino (cf. Siete 146-147), evoca Bioy: “Mientras me preparaban el baño, mi padre me tenía en brazos y me recitaba a Estanislao del Campo, el Martín Fierro y poemas de Ascasubi. […] También “El cigarro”, de Florencio Balcarce.” (302)
Balcón, El
vista point near Bariloche
Baldanders
Protean creature in Grimmelshausen's Simplicissimus
Balder or Baldr
Norse god of summer
Balder the Beautiful
Work by James George Frazer (1913).
Baldr dead
Baldrs Draumar
a mythological lay about the god Balder, associated with the Elder Edda
Baleares
Balearic Isles in Spain, Mallorca, Menorca and Ibiza
Balfour, Arthur
British politician, 1848-1930, whose Balfour Declaration established a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Balkanes
Balkan countries of southern Europe, sometimes Balcanes
Fishburn and Hughes : "A state in the Balkan peninsula, extending from the Adriatic to the Black Sea. The Balkan states were once under the control of the Ottoman Empire and later fought to define their boundaries." (22)
Balkh
city in Afghanistan, the ancient city of Bactria or Zainaspa
Ballad of Brunanburh
Old English poem
Ballad of Maldon
Old English poem
Ballad of Patrick Spens
old Scottish ballad
Ballad of Reading Gaol
Wilde poem, 1898
Ballad of the Brown Girl, The
Countee Cullen book, 1928, here called La balada de la muchacha morena
Ballad of the White Horse
Chesterton poem
Ballades Françaises
Fort collection of poems in some thirty volumes
Ballena
whale in various myths and legends
Ballester, Jorge
Ballesteros, Montiel
Uruguayan writer, 1888-1971, author of Montevideo y su cerro, 1928
Ballobar
town near Lerida, Spain
Balmes Urpia, Jaime Luciano
Spanish cleric, philosopher and political journalist, 1810-1848, author of El criterio, Cartas a un escéptico en materia de religión, Filosofía elemental and other works
Parodi : "Jaime Luciano Balmes (1810-1848), sacerdote, filósofo y teólogo español graduado en el seminario de Vich, su ciudad natal, en Cataluña. Entre sus obras: El protestantismo comparado con el catolicismo en sus relaciones con la civilización europea (1842-1844), El Criterio (1845), Cartas a un escéptico en materia de religión (1846), Filosofía fundamental (1846), Curso de filosofía elemental (1847). Mencionado también infra §26" (227).
Balneario
beach area in Buenos Aires
Parodi : "Balneario Municipal de Buenos Aires que, desde 1918 hasta fines de los años sesenta, estuvo ubicado a orillas del Río de la Plata, sobre la avenida Costanera Sur" (204).
Baltico
Baltic Sea
Baltimore
city in Maryland
Balvanera
neighborhood in Buenos Aires
Balzac, Honoré de
French novelist, 1799-1850, author of Recherche de l'absolu and numerous other works
Bambina, La
Luis López Jordán text
Parodi : “ La Bambina y La mula de Luis María Jordán”: el escritor argentino Luis María Jordán (1883-1933) es autor de La Bambina , una novela ambientada en la ciudad de Mar del Plata y publicada inicialmente como folletín en el diario La Razón , en 1926. En la cuantiosa obra de Jordán, que registra novelas, cuentos y poemas, no se ha encontrado La mula . Sobre este escritor comenta Borges en uno de sus diálogos con Osvaldo Ferrari ( En diálogo 144): “Y hay un poeta, a quien sólo se recuerda cuando se habla de Lugones −no sé si habrá muerto o no−, Luis María Jordán, autor de una pieza de teatro que no conozco, titulada La Bambina y, según Mallea, Jordán iba todos los días a conversar con Lugones. Y es lo único que yo sé de él, y he leído y he olvidado debidamente algunos versos suyos en alguna antología.” En Borges 1371, dice Bioy: “Comento que tenemos una insólita erudición acerca de escritores oscuros. Borges : “El mejor amigo, o el más próximo, de Lugones fue Luis María Jordán, el autor de La Bambina ”. (420)
Bancalari
town north of Buenos Aires
Parodi : "una localidad del Partido de San Fernando, al norte de la Capital. Hacia la fecha de publicación de Seis problemas , Bancalari era una población menor, aunque contaba con estación del ferrocarril" (57).
Banchs, Enrique
Argentine poet, 1888-1968, author of sonnet collection La urna
Bancroft, George
US film actor, 1882-1956
Banda Oriental. See Uruguay
Fishburn and Hughes : "The name given to all Spanish possessions east of the River Uruguay. Today it is an old- fashioned name for the Republic of Uruguay. The Banda Oriental was settled by Spanish colonialists in the eighteenth century and was hated by its neighbours on either side. In 1776 it was annexed to the viceroyalty of La Plata and in 1821 to Brazil. Only in 1828, after much fighting, was it declared an independent state. It then acted as a buffer between the two contending nations and maintained the balance of power.
The dominating role of Buenos Aires in the Plate area during the campaigns of Independence was resented in the Banda Oriental. Hence the terms used in Uruguay to describe an inhabitant of Buenos Aires: literate ('highbrow'), cajetilla ('city slicker') and porteño ('dude')." (22)
Bandamanna Saga
Icelandic saga
Bandello, Matteo
Italian bishop and novelist, 1485-1561, author of the Novelle
Banderaló
town in the western part of the province of Buenos Aires near General Villegas
Parodi : "pequeña localidad del Partido de General Villegas, ubicada en el límite noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires; colinda con la provincia de La Pampa y dista unos 500 kilómetros de la ciudad de Buenos Aires" (110).
Banfield
town in the province of Buenos Aires
Banipal-Asur
Asurbanipal, Assyrian king, name inverted here for purposes of the rhyme
Banque y Faliu, José
Spanish classical scholar, author of various works on ancient Greece
Banquero, la muerte y la luna, El
Pérez Zelaschi, short story.
Banquo
Scottish general, character in Shakespeare's Macbeth
Banshee
supernatural being of Ireland and Scotland, known for howling by the window of a house where someone is about to die
Banu Abbas
reference to the Abbasid dynasty, opposed to Al-Moqanna
Banville, Theodore
French poet, dramatist and writer, 1823-91
Baquiano, El
sketch of the tracker, famous section of an early chapter of Sarmiento's Facundo, usually spelled El baqueano
Bar Suárez
bar in Buenos Aires
Baradero
town in Parana delta in Argentina
Barahona de Soto, Luis
Spanish poet, 1548-95, author of Las lagrimas de Angelica and other works
Baralt, Rafael María
Venezuelan critic and poet, 1810-60, author of a Diccionario de galicismos, Historia de Venezuela and an unfinished Diccionario matriz de la lengua castellana
Bárbara
poem by Alfonsina Storni
Barbará, Federico
Federico Barbará ( 1828-1893) was an Argentinian writer and a military officer. Author of "Manual de la lengua pampa"
Barbara, Major
major in the Salvation Army, character in Shaw play
Barbare en Asie, Un
Michaux book, translated into Spanish by Borges
Barbarroja, Federico
Friedrich I , Barbarossa, 1122-1190, Holy Roman Emperor
Barbera
Parodi : "el vino Barbera, un tinto de gran cuerpo, procedente del Piamonte" (382).
Barbero
character in Don Quijote, see Nicolas el Barbero
Barbero ciego, El. See, Blind Barber, The
Barbieri, Vicente
Argentine poet, 1903-1956
Barbone
name used here as interpellation
Parodi : “No te hagas el cine mudo, Barbone”: ‘no te hagas el cine mudo’ se emplea aquí como incitación a que hable, que diga algo. El apellido ‘Barbone’ se emplea aquí como mote, con el significado de ‘barbudo’; cf. “Limardo” i §13 (203).
Barbusse, Henri
French writer, 1874-1935, author of L'Enfer
Barca de Aqueronte, La
Torres Villaroel satire, 1731
Barcala
street in Buenos Aires
Barcas, Las
Banchs book of poems
Barcelona
city in Spain, capital of Catalonia
Bárcena, Catalina
Spanish actress, 1890-1977
Barcia, Roque
Spanish lexicographer, 1823-1885, author of a Diccionario general etimólogico de la lengua española and a Diccionario de sinónimos
Parodi : "Roque Barcia Martí (1823-1885) fue un filósofo, lexicógrafo y político español, autor del Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, en cinco volúmenes publicados en 1880. Barcia es también autor de un Diccionario de sinónimos , de 1863" (156).
Barcina, la
minor character in Bustos Domecq story
Barcino
dog in Don Quixote
Barclay, mayor
character in Borges story
Barclay, mayor
character in Borges story
Barco ebrio
Salvador Reyes book of poems, 1923
Bardi
Beatriz Portinari's husband
Bardo Thodol
Tibetan Book of the Dead
Barfod. See Magnus Barfod
Bari
city in southern Italy
Fishburn and Hughes : "A city and port on the Adriatic in southern Italy, originally a Roman colony and later occupied by Goths, Lombards and Byzantines. During the Middle Ages it was an important base for the Crusades." (23)
Barine, Arvede
French writer, pseudonym of Mme. Charles Yincens, 1840-1908
Barker, Ernest
British historian, 1874-1960, author of The Crusades
Barlaam
holy man in legend of Barlaam and Josaphat, Christianized version of the Buddha legend
Barlaam y Josafat
Christian adaptation of a legend of Buddha
Barlaams Saga
Icelandic version of the Barlaam and Josaphat story
Barlach, Julius
author of Urkunden zur Geschichte der Zahirsage, 1899, perhaps a relative of the writer and sculptor Ernst Barlach, 1870-1938
Barletta, Leónidas
Argentine author, 1902-1975, member of the Boedo group
Barnabo delle Montagne
Buzzati novel, 1933
Barnaby Rudge
Dickens novel, 1841
Barnes
translator of Bergson's Les Données immédiates de la conscience
Barnum, Phineas Taylor
US showman known for the circus he founded, 1810-1891
Baroja, Pío
Spanish novelist, 1872-1956, subject of one of Borges's first publications
Barón de la Roche
Argentine poet, author of Se alquila
Baronio, Cesar
Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and church historian, 1538-1607, author of Annales Ecclesiastici and the Martyrologium Romanum
Barrabas
Barabbas, Jew of Malta in Marlowe's play
Barrabas
Barabbas, in the Bible, Jewish prisoner released in exchange for the crucifixion of Jesus
Barracas
Buenos Aires neighborhood
Fishburn and Hughes : "A working-class district in southern Buenos Aires near La Boca and Constitución and bordering the Riachuelo." (23)
Barracas
poem from Carlos Muñoz de la Púa’s book La crencha engrasada
Barrack-room Ballads
Kipling book of poems, 1892
Barranca de los Lobos
cliff and mirador in Mar del Plata
Barranca Yaco
place in province of Cordoba where Facundo Quiroga was killed
Barrault, Jean-Louis
French actor and director, 1910-1994
Barreiro, Ladislao
character in Suarez Lynch novella, nicknamed Potranco, Pestalozzi, Estatua de Garibaldi, etc.
Parodi : 1) personaje de Modelo , Ladislao Barreiro es abogado y asesor legal de la A.A.A . Los motes que recibe se relacionan o bien con su ‘cara de caballo’ –“potranco”; “nuestro centauro”; “Estatua de Garibaldi”; “Tracción a Sangre– o con su fuerza física y presteza para golpear: “el Pibe Fuerza Bruta”; “el Pibe Pestalozzi”. (184)
2) “Ladislao Barreiro, […], alias Estatua de Garibaldi Barreiro”: el mote de Barreiro alude a la estatua ecuestre de Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) que se instaló en 1904 para la inauguración de la Plaza Italia, ubicada en el acceso al Parque 3 de Febrero, en los bosques de Palermo. El monumento -−réplica del erigido en Brescia, Italia− es obra de Eugenio Maccagnani (1852−1930) y fue donado a la ciudad de Buenos Aires por los residentes italianos. (214)
3) “el Potranco Barreiro, alias Tracción a Sangre”: el mote de Barreiro, que equivale a ‘tracción animal’, lo equipara a un caballo. (234)
Barrès, Maurice
French novelist, essayist and politician, 1862-1923
Fishburn and Hughes : "A French writer, whose works include a text on bull-fighting, entitled Du sang, de la volupté et de la mort , and a biography of the Spanish painter El Greco, Greco, ou Ie secret de Tolédo ." (23)
Barretero, El
pseud. of Carriego
Barrett, Elizabeth. See Browning, Elizabeth Barrett
barriada boquense. See Boca, La
Barrie, James
Scottish writer, author of Peter Pan and numerous other works, 1860-1937
Barrio de la Tierra del Fuego hacia 1890, El
Text written by Alfredo Taullard.
Barrio del Abasto
Abasto neighborhood near old market building
Barrio del Alto
neighborhood in Buenos Aires
Barrio del Tambor
name given in the 19th century to the neighborhoods of Concepción and Monserrat because of the strong Afro-Argentine presence in them
Barrio Latino
Quartier Latin in Paris
Barrio Norte
neighborhood in Buenos Aires
Barrio Parque
neighborhood in Buenos Aires
Parodi : "referencia a Parque Avellaneda, un barrio ubicado al suroeste de la capital" (179).
Barrio Sur
part of Buenos Aires south of Rivadavia
Fishburn and Hughes : "The southern district of Buenos Aires, the oldest and now unfashionable side of the city, in the area surrounding Plaza Constitución. Situated at the mouth of the River Plate, it was subject to floods and epidemics causing the wealthy to leave for the higher ground of what is now known as Barrio Norte." (23)
Barrios
Text written by Ignacio Braulio Anzoátegui.
Barros, Juan de
Barrow
river in Ireland
Barry Perowne
Pseudonym of the British writer Philip Atkey (1908–1985).
Barry, R. Esguerra
editor of book on childhood with E. J. R. Heyward, V. R. Montesinos V. and C. Safilios-Rothschild, 1972
Barsdorf, Hermann
German-language publisher of Freud, here publisher of Hladik's translation of the Sefer Yetsirah
Bartholomew, Roy
Argentine critic, editor of Cien poesias rioplatenses, 1954, and works of Lugones and Borges
Bartleby
character in Melville's Bartleby the Scrivener
Bartleby the Scrivener
Melville story, 1853, later included in the Piazza Tales, translated into Spanish by Borges
Barton, Anne
artist, second wife of E. E. Cummings
Barton, Bernard
English poet, 1784-1849, friend of Charles Lamb and father-in-law of Edward FitzGerald
Basaldúa, Héctor
Argentine artist, 1894-1976
Basanio
Bassanio, character in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice
Basil, San
Basil the Great of Caesarea, Greek church leader, c.330-379, author of De Spiritu Sancto, Moralia and Regulae
Basilea
Basel, Switzerland
Basílides
Gnostic theologian, fl. c.130 A.D.
Fishburn and Hughes : "An early Gnostic from Alexandria who integrated Pythagorean and Cabbalistic principles and Oriental traditions with the Christian faith.
Three Versions of Judas: Basilides held that, according to Greek numeration, the sum of the numerical values of the letters composing the name Abraxas, his name for God, came to 365. Abraxas created 'Understanding' and this in turn created 'The Word'; by a successive hierarchical process the different orders of angels (365 in fact) were created. The lowest of these -to which the god of the Jews is included - created the world: an attempt by Basilides to resolve the problem of evil. To redeem creation from corruption, Abraxas sent his own son ('Understanding'), who became one with the man Jesus. Basilides rejected the doctrine of the resurrection, since the body was made of evil matter. His followers, therefore, unable to reconcile themselves to the resurrection of Jesus, were compelled to deny the physical aspects of the crucifixion. Some said that Jesus was only a phantom in the moment of death; others that Simon of Cyrene was crucified in his stead.
The Library of Babel: “A commentary on a commentary on the gnostic gospel of Basilides may refer to Borges’s essay “Basilides the False”." (23)
Basilio, doctor
handwriting expert invoked in preface to Suárez Lynch novella
Parodi : el hecho de que el supuesto calígrafo lleve el nombre de ‘Basilio’ no es casual sino una referencia implícita a un personaje histórico, San Basilio Magno (330-379), conocido también como Basilio de Cesárea. Basilio es santo de la Iglesia Ortodoxa, Padre de la Iglesia Griega, y santo y doctor de la Iglesia Católica. Además de autor de escritos teológicos y célebre predicador de sermones morales, es el creador de una serie de reglas orientadas a la reforma de las órdenes monásticas. Los monasterios basilianos, que siguieron esas reglas, fueron activos centros de la vida intelectual y artística de su época. Los monjes se dedicaban allí a la orfebrería y principalmente a la caligrafía y la copia e ilustración de manuscritos. (168)
Basilisco
Quevedo
Basilisco
horrid monster of the ancients
Basra
city in lower Mesopotamia, now in Iraq
Fishburn and Hughes : "A town in southern Iraq near the Persian Gulf. Under the rule of the Abbasids, Basra became an intellectual centre, home, among others, to the Muslim scholar Chahiz or Al-Jahiz." (23-24)
Bassano
place in Italy
Bassi, Arturo Vicente de
Argentine tango composer, 1890-1950
Bastardo. See Guillermo I
Basualdo, Sara de Ortiz
sponsor of Borges's Anales de Buenos Aires, literary magazine that published an early Cortázar story
Batalla de Chacabuco, La
Anglada essay
Batalla de El Tala
Battle that took place in El Tala during the Argentine civil wars (October 27th, 1826).
Batalla del Rincón de Valladares
A battle during the Argentine Civil Wars, July 6 1827
Bateau ivre, Le
Rimbaud poem, c.1870
Fishburn and Hughes : "The Drunken Boat': a poem by Rimbaud (1854-1891) written when he was 17. The poet imagines himself floating in a crewless boat across luminous seas and through fierce hurricanes. The swirling images and hallucinatory language of the poem mark it as a precursor of the French symbolist movement." (24)
Batería
Buenos Aires neighborhood
Bates, Ernest Sutherland
US educator, 1879-1939, editor of The Bible Designed To Be Read as Literature
Bates, Hector y Luis
The Bates Brothers wrote La historia del tango published in Buenos Aires in 1936.
Bates, Ralph
English writer, 1899-2000, author of The Lean Men, The Olive Field, Fields of Paradise
Bath
ancient city in western England
Batida, La. See Drag Net
Baton Rouge
capital of Louisiana
Fishburn and Hughes : "The capital of Louisiana, situated on the Mississippi near New Orleans.
A ‘gambling house’ in Baton Rouge is mentioned in “The Cruel Redeemer Lazarus Morrell’." (24)
Battafuoco, Nana
minor character in Bustos Domecq story
Battleship Potemkin. See Acorazado Potemkin
Batz, Philipp. See Mainlander
Bau, Der
Kafka tale about an animal's burrow, 1923-24
Baudelaire, Charles
French poet and critic, 1821-1867, author of Les Fleurs du mal, Spleen, Petits poèmes en prose and other works
Fishburn and Hughes : "A French poet, an admirer of Edgar Allan Poe, much of whose work he translated. Baudelaire is best known for his collection Les Fleurs du mal , in which morbid and occasionally crude touches of realism are combined with exuberant imagery and lyric grace." (24)
Baudizzone
journalist mentioned in Bustos Domecq story
Bauer, Alfredo
Austrian-Argentine writer and physician, b. 1924, translator of Heine
Bauer, Elvira
German writer, b. 1915, author of anti-Semitic children's book, Trau keinem Fuchs auf grüner Heid und keinem Jud bei seinem Eid, 1936
Baulito. See Perez, Baulito
Baum, Vicki
Hedwig Baum, Austrian musician and author, 1888-1960
Bäumer, Ludwig
German expressionist, subject of a portrait by Kurt Schwitters, "a leading advocate of proletarian liberation" according to a Guggenheim exhibit catalogue
Bausch
Parodi : "la óptica Bausch y Lomb, fundada en Nueva York por dos inmigrantes alemanes, John Jacob Bausch y Henry C. Lomb, inició su producción en 1853 con la manufactura de monóculos" (378).
Baviera
Bavaria, region in southern Germany
Bayley, Edgar
Argentine poet, 1919-1990, here misspelled Bailey
Bayo, Ciro
Spaniard writer and translator (1859-1939)
Bayonne
city in France
Fishburn and Hughes : "A French town in the Basses Pyrenées, famous for its thirteenth-century cathedral." (24)
Bazar de Cachadas
Beagle
ship on which Darwin circumnavigated the globe
Beast in the Jungle, The
James story
Beast Must Die, The
Nicholas Blake mystery, 1938
Beasts and Super-Beasts
Saki’s collection of short stories, 1914.
Beasts, Men and Gods
Bestias, hombres y dioses, Ferdinand Ossendowski novel written in English, 1921
Beatriz
Beatrice Portinari, 1266-1290, woman who leads Dante in the Purgatorio and Paradiso
Beatus ille
Horace ode
Fishburn and Hughes : "'Happy is he...' the first words of a poem by Horace ( Epodes 2) in praise of country life: 'Happy is he who, far from business cares, like the pristine race of mortals, works his ancestral acres with his oxen, from all money-lending free.'" (24)
Beau Séjour
street
Parodi : "calle en la zona central de Lausana, próxima a la Place Saint-François (cf. supra §3) y a la estación ferroviaria" (291).
Beaudin, Nicolás
poet associated with Ultraísmo
Beaujolais
Parodi : “'Bourgogne y del Beaujolais': dos denominaciones de origen de vinos franceses, producidas en las regiones de Borgoña, al centro - noreste del país, y Beaujolais, situada al sur de Borgoña y al norte de Lyon” (349).
Beaumont-Hamel
Commune in the Somme department in Picardy in the northern France which was almost totally destroyed during World War One.
Beautiful People, The
Saroyan play, 1941
Beauvais, Vincent de
medieval French writer, d. 1264, author of Speculum
Beccar Varela, Adrián
Argentinian Historian
Becher, Johannes
German expressionist poet, 1891-1958, later Minister of Culture of the German Democratic Republic and author of its national anthem
Becket, Thomas à
English politician, bishop and saint, 1118-70
Beckford, William
English writer, 1760-1844, author of Vathek
Beckh, Hermann
German Orientalist, 1874-1939, author of Buddhismus: Buddha und seine lehre
Bécquer, Gustavo Adolfo
pseud. of Gustavo Adolfo Dominguez Bastida, Spanish poet and painter, 1836-1870, author of Rimas and Leyendas
Beda el Venerable
the Venerable Bede, English historian, c.672-735, author of the Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
Bediver
knight in Arthurian legend
Beerbohm, Max
Henry Max Beerbohm (1872-1956). English essayist and caricaturist.
Beethoven, Ludwig van
German composer and pianist, 1770-1827
Before Adam
London novel about life of prehistoric savages, 1906
Before the Fact
Francis Iles, novel, 1932.
Before the World Was Made
Yeats poem in The Winding Stair, 1933
Behemoth or Behemot
monster mentioned in the Bible, often identified with the hippopotamus
Parodi : "la palabra hebrea Behemot es un plural que se concuerda con un verbo en singular. Se lo traduce con el significado de ‘bestia o animal grande’ o ‘el más grande’. Este caso, como el de otros similares en la lengua hebrea, se interpreta como un ejemplo de plural cuantitativo (también llamado ‘de excelencia’) en el cual una palabra toma la forma plural para significar la grandeza de un objeto" (442).
Behind the Spanish Barricades
Tras las barricadas españolas, John Langdon-Davies book on the Spanish Civil War, 1936
Behn, Aphra
English dramatist, novelist and spy, 1640?-1689, author of Oroonoko, The Forced Marriage, The Amorous Prince and other works
Behring, canal de
Bering Strait
Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer
Kafka short story about the Great Wall of China, written in 1917
Beiträge zu einer optimistischen Weltanschauung
Elías Metchnikoff work in collaboration with B. Michailoski (1908)
Bel Ami
Novel by Guy de Maupassant (1885).
Belcebú
Beelzebub, lord of the flies, one of the principal devils
Belda, Joaquin
Spanish novelist and humorist, 1880-1935
Parodi : según Formento, a la etapa modernista de Anglada sigue la emulación de la obra de Joaquín Belda (1880−1935), el novelista, periodista y humorista español, autor de novelas eróticas cortas, algunas consideradas pornográficas, muy populares en el primer tercio del siglo XX. Entre muchos otros títulos, Belda publicó El pícaro oficio (1912), Una mancha de sangre (1913), La Coquito (1915), Aquellos polvos (1916), Más chulo que un ocho (1917), Las noches del Botánico (1917), Las chicas de Terpsícore (1917), Carmina y su novio (1921), etc. En “Pornografía” ( TR 3: 254), al hablar de la censura como “un mal [por ahora] necesario”, Borges menciona “la pornografía de un Joaquín Belda (a quien no recuerdo haber leído)”. (67)
Belén
Bethlehem, now in the West Bank
Belerofonte
Bellerophon, Greek mythological hero, son of Glaucus, king of Corinth, who killed the chimera and flew on Pegasus
Bélgica
Belgium
Belgrano
Buenos Aires neighborhood
Fishburn and Hughes : "A wealthy residential suburb in Buenos Aires, whose cosmopolitan population included many English inhabitants." (24)
Parodi : “Belgrano R”: estación ferroviaria del Ferrocarril Mitre, con cabecera en Retiro, ubicada en el barrio de Belgrano. Sobre este barrio, dice Borges en 1925 que vivir allí “es algo así como vivir en las vacaciones de la ciudad, en su merecido y firme domingo. Los otros barrios suburbanos de nuestra capital son entrevero de la gran llanura y las casas; Belgrano es maridaje, no de la ciudad con la pampa, sino de la ciudá [sic] y de los árboles. Barrio enjardinado y ocioso, sin la desganada sorna orillera que hay en Palermo ni las infinitas esquinas (mucha puesta de sol y tapiales bajos) de Villa Ortúzar.” (“Nydia Lamarque” TR1 : 231). (44)
Belgrano
avenue in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes : "A street in the vicinity of Barrio Sur, some three blocks from Chile and Tacuarí." (24)
Parodi : 1) “'al 1300 de la calle Belgrano': a fines de 1930 se concretó el ensanche de la calle Belgrano, un proyecto aprobado en 1904 por la Municipalidad de Buenos Aires. Los edificios que obstaculizaban el trazado de la futura avenida fueron demolidos; supuestamente, también la casa de don Alejandro. Cf. infra §14”(146).
2) “'Poco antes de la calle Belgrano: referencia a la Avenida Belgrano (cf. “Testigo” §7), ya en las cercanías de la Plaza de Mayo” (373) .
Belgrano, Universidad de
university in Buenos Aires
Belinda
parodic novel by Hilaire Belloc, 1928
Belisario
Belisarius, Roman general, c.505-565, in whose honor medals were struck; according to legend, Belisarius later wandered the streets of Constantinople a blind beggar
Fishburn and Hughes : "Justinian's general, one of the greatest military leaders of the eastern Roman Empire.
An apocryphal story relates that in old age Belisarius went blind and was reduced to begging his bread from door to door." (25)
Belkis
queen in the Arabian Nights
Bell Ville
town in the province of Córdoba in Argentina, formerly called Fraile Muerto
Bell, Eric Temple
Scottish mathematician and science fiction author, 1883-1960, who lived in the US for most of his life and published some of his work under the pseudonym John Taine, author of Men of Mathematics
Bella Durmiente
Sleeping Beauty
Bellay. See Du Bellay
Belle au bois dormant
Sleeping Beauty fairy tale
Belleforest, Francois de
French poet, 1530-1585, compiler of the Histoires tragiques
Bellegarde, Mme. de
character in James's The American
Belleza
personification of beauty
Belleza del Talmud
anthology of Talmudic writings in Spanish translation by Rafael Cansinos-Asséns
Belleza inexpresable
title invented for a poem in an anthology by G. B. Harrison
Bello, Andrés
Venezuelan philosopher, grammarian and poet, 1781-1865
Fishburn and Hughes : "A Chilean politician, poet and grammarian, considered a master of the Spanish language. In his Gramática de la lengua castellaña (1847) Bello systematised Spanish grammar according to common usage rather than Latin rules. The work is still influential. A Neoclassicist, Bello engaged in a protracted polemic against Sarmiento's Romanticism and introduced Locke, Berkeley and Mill to South America.
Examples of Bello's proposed spelling changes may be found in Borges's quotation from Sarmiento's Recuerdos de provincia (Pról. 131)." (25)
Belloc, Hilaire
Joseph Hilaire Pierre Belloc, English writer, born in France, 1870-1953
character in Bustos Domecq stories
Parodi : “aquel Lambkin, fantoche de fantasía, que dio su augusto nombre a una sátira de Belloc”: sobre Joseph Hilaire Pierre René Belloc (1870-1953) escritor inglés nacido en Francia, dice Borges que tiene “la fama de ser el mejor prosista y el más diestro versificador del idioma inglés” (“ Stories ”, TC1 407). En Cautivos 371-372, “Hilaire Belloc”: “Se habla demasiado sobre él. Se dice que es un francés, un inglés, un universitario de Oxford, un historiador, un soldado, un economista, un poeta, un antisemita, un filosemita, un hombre de campo, un farsante, un aventajado alumno de Chesterton, un maestro de Chesterton”. Escribió más de cien libros entre ensayos de política, economía, historia, biografías, poemas infantiles, poesías, novelas y reflexiones. Asimismo, escribió biografías, entre otras, las de Robespierre, Richelieu, Jaime Segundo, Juana de Arco, Cromwell, Napoleón, María Antonieta, Guillermo el Conquistador. En opinión de Borges, “Belloc ensayista es insignificante o imperceptible; Belloc novelista pasa de lo mediocre a lo intolerable; Belloc juez literario prefiere aseverar a persuadir; Belloc historiador me parece admirabilísimo” (“ Stories ” TC1 407). En 1900 publicó su octavo libro: Lambkin’s Remains , que presenta como edición de las obras no publicadas de “ J. A. Lambkin, M.A. sometime Fellow of Burford College ”. Belloc dota a Josiah Lambkin de una genealogía, le inventa una biografía que extiende entre 1843 y 1899, reproduce textualmente y comenta sus poemas, sus ensayos, su correspondencia, sus discursos y sermones, sus artículos periodísticos, analiza minuciosamente los rasgos retóricos de su prosa, su caligrafía, sus gestos, el tono de su voz, sus lecturas y hasta incluye en el capítulo final una entrevista que supuestamente tuvo lugar en casa de Lambkin poco antes de su muerte. (250)
Belloc, Louis Swanton
French lawyer, father of Hilaire Belloc
Bells, The
Poe poem
Belluga, Luis de
Luis Antonio de Belluga y Moncada, 1662-1743, bishop of Murcia and cardinal during the War of the Spanish Succession
Bellum Judaicum
Flavius Josephus history of the Jewish revolt against Rome, appeared c.75-79
Belluno
town where Buzzati was born in northeastern Italy
Belphegor: Essai Sur l'Esthetique de la presente Societé Françcise
Benda essays, 1920
Beltrán. See Silveira, Beltrán
Belzund
mythical character in Dunsany
Ben Ionsiana
One of the names given to Notes of Ben Johnson´s Conversations with William Drummond of Hawthornden (circa 1619).
Benarés
holy city on the Ganges in India, now Varanasi
Fishburn and Hughes : "A city in northern India, the principal Hindu holy centre, famous for its pilgrimages." (25)
Benaser, Rafael
character in Cansinos Assens' novel Las luminarias de Hanukah
Benavente, Jacinto
Spanish playwright, 1866-1954, winner of the Nobel Prize for LIterature in 1922
Benavente, Saulo
Argentine painter and scene designer, 1916-1982
Benavides
knife-fighter in Buenos Aires
Benda, Julien
French critic and essayist, 1867-1956, author of La trahison des clercs and other works
Bendición del agua, la
poem by Luis L. Franco
Benengeli, Cide Hamete
character in Don Quixote, supposed author of the manuscript on which the novel is based starting with chapter 9
Benevento
city in Italy near Naples
Bengala
Bengal, now in India and Bangladesh
Fishburn and Hughes : "A region in north-east India. In 1700 the British East India Company established itself in Fort William, which became its base for colonial expansion and subsequently contained the administrative headquarters of the Presidency of Bengal." (25)
Bengala, Golfo de
Bay of Bengal
Bengochea
Baulito Perez's mother's maiden name
Bengolea, Tigre
member of a socially prominent Buenos Aires family, mentioned in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : "el ‘Tigre Bengolea’: el apodo de ‘Tigre’, define a Bengolea como persona muy hábil, muy capaz en alguna actividad. Para ‘tigre’, cf. “Doce” i §29" (123).
Bengt
character in Gustaf-Janson's novel Gubben Kommer
Benito Cereno
Melville story, included in the Piazza Tales, 1856
Benn, Gottfried
German essayist, novelist and expressionist poet, 1886-1956
Bennett, Arnold
Enoch Arnold Bennett, British novelist, 1867-1931
Benoit, Hubert
French Orientalist, 1904-1992, author of La doctrine supreme selon la pensée zen
Benson Murder Case, The
Van Dine mystery, 1926
Bentley, Edmund
English poet, 1875-1956, inventor of the clerihew
Bentley, Richard
editor of Milton's Paradise Lost
Benvenuto da Imola. See Rambaldi da Imola, Benvenuto
Benzmann, Hans
German poet, 1869-1926, editor of two anthologies of German poetry, Die moderne deutsche Lyrik, 1904, und Die deutsche Ballade, 1913
Beocia
Boeotia, region of ancient Greece
Parodi : “'yo también he estado en Beocia...': referencia a la región de Grecia que fue cuna de las Musas, de Hesíodo, de Píndaro, de Plutarco. No obstante ese brillo, desde la antigüedad clásica los beocianos eran reputados como un pueblo necio, insensible al conocimiento. En francés, el adjetivo beociano continúa designando a la persona tosca e inculta” (23).
Beowulf
Old English epic poem
Beowulf
hero of Old English epic poem
Beppo
character in Byron's poem Beppo: A Venetian Story
Beppo
Borges's cat
Beppo: A Venetian Story
Byron poem, 1818
Béranger, Pierre-Jean de
French poet and song-writer, 1780-1857
Bérard, Victor
French writer on questions of international law as well as on Homer and other literary subjects, 1864-1931
Berazategui
town between Buenos Aires and La Plata
Parodi : 1) “'lechero a Berazategui': el tren lechero que va a la estación Berazategui. ‘El lechero’ transportaba los tarros de leche desde las zonas de ordeño a la ciudad; iba descargándolos en las estaciones del trayecto” (151).
2) “'Merlo […] Berazategui': dos localidades del Gran Buenos Aires, situadas respectivamente al noroeste y al sureste de la capital, separadas entre sí por una distancia de unos 60 km. Berazategui aparece mencionada también en “Signo” §2; Modelo iii §4; “Fiesta” §1 y §8. Un pueblo agrícola y ganadero que a principios del siglo xx se transformó en ciudad industrial dedicada a la producción de vidrio, y también de fibras textiles artificiales y de cerámicos. Berazategui está ubicada a unos 20 km al sudeste de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, sobre el ramal ferroviario Constitución−La Plata. Cf. Modelo III §4” (109).
3) “'alias Berazategui': el mote se debe a que las industrias de vidrio y cerámicos instaladas en esa zona de la provincia de Buenos Aires causaban un olor desagradable (cf. “Limardo” I §7)” (200).
4) “el escenario de “Fiesta” es el sudeste del conurbano que rodea a la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Los personajes se desplazan desde Tolosa (cf. infra §1), ciudad donde viven el narrador y Diente de Leche, a la Plaza de Mayo (cf. “Vilaseco” §1); en el trayecto de 55 km avanzan hacia el norte, pasando por Berazategui (cf. “Limardo” i §7), Ezpeleta (cf. infra §4); Quilmes (cf. “Limardo” i §26); Don Bosco (cf. infra §8); Wilde (cf. infra 397); Sarandí (cf. infra §8) y la ciudad de Avellaneda (cf. “Goliadkin” i §20); una vez cruzado el Riachuelo, que marca el límite entre la Provincia y la ciudad de Buenos Aires, siguen rumbo al centro de la capital y al lugar del acto, la Plaza de Mayo” (354).
Berazategui. See Frogman
Berceo, Gonzalo de
Spanish poet, c. 1180-1264, author of Milagros de Nuestra Señora and other works
Berdún, José Antonio
Uruguayan military leader, 1778-1837, involved in struggles against Buenos Aires centralism and against the Brazilian occupation
Berenice
ancient seaport on Red Sea in Egypt
Fishburn and Hughes : "A city in southern Egypt on the Red Sea, founded in memory of his mother by Ptolemy Philadelphus in the third century BC." (25)
Beresford, John Davys
English author, 1873-1947, famous for his early science fiction stories and his ghost stories
Berge, Meere und Giganten
Döblin, 1924
Bergen
city in Norway
Bergman, Ingrid
Swedish actress, 1915-82
Bergson, Henri
French philosopher, 1859-1941, author of Essai sur les données immediates de la conscience, L'Evolution creatrice and other works
Fishburn and Hughes : "A French philosopher and Academician, winner of the Nobel Prize for literature in 1927, whose ideas were influential in the years leading up to World War I.
Bergson argued against the mechanistic determinism prevalent in the late nineteenth century, and proposed a doctrine of 'vitalism' stressing the open flow of time. During his early reading of Positivist philosophy he became conscious that scientific time does not endure, and attempted to establish the notion of duration ( durée ): time apprehended by intuition - an inner, or lived, time - which he opposed to the concept of chronometric or spatial time used by science. His ideas on duration led him to oppose the Darwinian interpretation of evolution, and to propose an evolutionary theory based on élan vital , a vital impulse resulting in a dynamic generative process." (25)
Bergthora
Njal's wife in the Njals Saga
Berguer, Georges
Swiss writer on religious topics, 1873-1945, professor of religious psychology at the University of Geneva
Berisso
port town near La Plata and Ensenada
Berkeley Cox, Anthony. See, Berkeley, Anthony
Berkeley, Anthony
one of several pseudonyms of Anthony Berkeley Cox, English crime writer, 1893-1971
Berkeley, General
Character in Borges story
Fishburn and Hughes : "Character mentioned in The Shape of the Sword.No record exists in the British Army List of a General Berkeley serving in Bengal during the autumn of 1923, but the choice of name is convincing. An Irish officer, James Berkeley (1839-1926), joined the British forces in 1857 and became a Major-General in the Indian Army. In 1862 he entered the political service and after serving a number of Indian princes became agent to the Governor-General at Baroda." (26)
Berkeley, George
Irish philosopher, 1685-1753, author of Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, Principles of Human Knowledge, Siris, Alciphron and other works
Fishburn and Hughes : "An Irish bishop, exponent of the idealist philosophy and author of, among other works, T he Principles of Human Knowledge , in which he denied the independent existence of matter. The world, Berkeley maintains, is precisely as we perceive it and does not exist outside our perception: ' esse est percipi .' Berkeley does not suggest, however, that objects jump in and out of existence, but believes that they are sustained by God's own continuous perception of them. Borges, who quoted Hume's aphorism that Berkeley's arguments are completely irrefutable and completely unconvincing ( The Postulation of Reality , TL:59), acknowledges his debt to Berkeley: 'What are all the nights of Scheherezade compared to one argument of Berkeley?'
CF 78: Berkeley and others planned a new university in America, and the University of California at Berkeley was later named after him." (26)
Berkshire
county in southeastern England
Berlin
city in Germany
Berlin Alexanderplatz
Döblin novel, 1929
Bermejo
street in Buenos Aires
Bermudas
Bermuda
Berna
Berne, city in Switzerland
Bernard Shaw, Frank Harris and Oscar Wilde
Robert Sherard study, 1937
Bernardes, Manuel
Portuguese moralist and religious author, 1644-1710
Bernárdez
shopkeeper, character in Bustos Domecq story
Bernárdez, Francisco Luis
Argentine poet, 1900-1978
Bernardin de Saint Pierre, Jean-Jacques
French writer, 1737-1814, author of Paul et Virginie
Bernardo
character in Shakespeare play Hamlet
Bernardo
Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, 1911-2004
Parodi : "supuesto patrocinador de la Casa de las puertas y las ventanas de Verdussen. Existió un Bernardo de Holanda (1911-2004), que desde 1948 fue príncipe consorte de la reina Juliana; en 1951 visitó la Argentina; en 1976 fue exonerado de sus responsabilidades oficiales tras un escándalo por soborno" (296).
Bernardo de Irigoyen. See Irigoyen, Bernardo de
Bernardo del Carpio
Spanish ballad
Bernardo del Carpio
legendary Spanish medieval knight, subject of well-known ballads
Bernardo, San
St. Bernard of Clairvaux, French mystic and monk, 1090- 1153, here used as a nickname
Parodi : “'tío San Bernardo': nombre que Flora da a Bernardo Sampaio” (148).
Bernasconi, Petite
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : “'Petite Bernasconi': quizás sea una referencia a Irene Bernasconi (1896-1989), una bióloga marina argentina, mundialmente conocida por sus trabajos científicos de descubrimiento, colección y clasificación de nuevas especies marinas en la región antártica. En 1968 su renombre creció por el viaje de investigación que, a la edad de 72 años, realizó a la Antártida” (394).
Bernheim, Hippolyte
French psychologist, 1840-1919, expert on hypnotism
Berni, Antonio
neofigurative artist from Rosario, Argentina, 1905-1981, painter and graphic artist
Berón de Astrada, Genaro
Argentine politician, 1804-1839, governor of Corrientes and opponent of Rosas
Berry, Anita
author of Art for Children
Bersi el Rico
priest mentioned in the Younger Edda
Berthe
character in Renée Lemaire's Un Pas dans l'escalier
Bertrand de Born
Provencal warrior and troubadour, c. 1140-c. 1215, encountered by Dante in hell
Bertrand, Aloysius
French poet, 1807-41, author of Gaspard de la nuit
Beruti
street in Buenos Aires
Berveiller, Michel
French critic and translator, 1910-1974, author of Le Cosmopolitisme de Jorge Luis Borges
Beschreibung eines Kampfes
Kafka story, "Description of a Struggle," written in 1904-05
Beso, El
Lugones poem in Romancero
Besoin de Grandeur
C. F. Ramuz, 1937
Besteiro
Bestiario
Leonardo da Vinci
Bestiario
Cortázar, 1951.
Bestiario anglosajon. See Anglo-Saxon Bestiary
Bestiario griego. See Physiologus Graecus
Bestiario italiano
a medieval Italian bestiary, not specified
Bestiarios
medieval bestiaries, derived from the Greek Physiologus
Beswick, Ethel
author of Jataka Tales: Birth Stories of the Buddha, 1956
Beth
Fishburn and Hughes : "The second letter of the Hebrew alphabet, with the numerical value of two. Beth as the opening letter of the bible has been explained as reflecting the dual nature of the universe, which consists of heaven and earth. See Sepher Yezirah." (26)
Bethmann-Hollweg, Theodor von
German political figure, 1856-1921
Betrachtung
Kafka short story collection, 1913
Betrayal, The
film with Emil Jannings, 1929
Betteredge
character in Collins's The Moonstone
Bettler von Syrakus, Der
El mendigo de Siracusa, Sudermann, 1911
Between the Planets
Heinlein science fiction work
Betz, Maurice
French translator from the German, 1898-1946, translator of Rilke, Nietzsche, Mann and others
Bevilacqua, Alfredo
tango composer and pianist, 1874- 1942, author of Venus, Apolo, Independencia, Emancipacion and other works
Beyond the Horizon
Heinlein science fiction work, 1948
Beyond the Horizon
O'Neill’splay, 1919.
Beyond the Pale
Kipling story
Bezla
character in the Elder Edda
Bhagavad-gita
sacred book of Hinduism
Bhawani
Hindu goddess
Bhils
people of Indostan who believe that there are hells for tigers
Bhuj
city in India near Bombay, sacred to the snake- god Bhujanga
Biagioni, Amelia
Argentine poet, 1916-2000
Bianchi, Alfredo A.
Argentine writer and journalist, 1882-1942
Parodi : “'que Bianchi o que Giusti habrían rechazado la colaboración': Alfredo A. Bianchi (1882-1942) y Roberto F. Giusti (1887-1978) dirigieron la revista Nosotros casi sin interrupciones entre 1907 y 1943. Alfredo A. Bianchi fue escritor y periodista; autor, entre otros títulos, de Teatro nacional , 1920; Veinticinco años de vida intelectual argentina. Historia sintética de la revista “Nosotros” , 1932; tras la muerte de Bianchi, Nosotros cerró definitivamente” (276).
Bianchi, Brunone
scholar of Dante, editor of an 1857 edition of the Commedia
Bianco, Eduardo Vicente
Argentine tango composer, 1892-1959.
Bianco, José
Argentine writer, 1908-1986, friend of Borges, editor of magazine Sur from 1938-1961, author of Sombras suele vestir and Las ratas
Bianquis, Geneviève
French scholar of German literature, 1886-1972, author of Histoire de la littérature allemande
Biarmaland
old Norse name for the Urals
Biathanatos, A Declaration of that Paradoxe or Thesis that Self-Homicide is not so Naturally Sinne that it may never be otherwise
Donne book on suicide, 1624
Biberkopf, Franz
character in Döblin's Berlin Alexanderplatz
Bibiloni
supposed poet from Catamarca, character in Bustos Domecq story
Bibiloni Webster de Bullrich, Beatriz
Argentine socialite, friend of Borges, married to Héctor Bullrich Urioste
Bible Designed to be Read as Literature, The
Ernest Bates Sutherland, 1936
Biblia
Bible, often called Escritura or Escritura Sagrada; see individual books of Bible and Viejo and Nuevo Testamentos
Biblia griega
Septuagint, Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible
Biblia ulfilana or visigodica
Ulfilas translation of the Bible into Gothic, 4th century
Biblias, las
referring here to the many editions of the Bible (and of the Vedas)
Biblioteca
Apollodorus of Athens work on Greek heroic mythology
Biblioteca Calzadilla
Parodi : “'Biblioteca Calzadilla, en Versalles': supuesta biblioteca ubicada en ese barrio del oeste Buenos Aires. El nombre de la biblioteca honra a Santiago Calzadilla (1806 - 1896), escritor, militar, periodista, crítico musical argentino; su obra más recordada, Las beldades de mi tiempo (1891), es una evocación de la Buenos Aires de la primera mitad del siglo xix ” (195).
Biblioteca de Alejandria
ancient library at Alexandria
Biblioteca de Autores Españoles
important series of Spanish classics, published by Rivadeneyra, begun in 1846, some 225 volumes
Biblioteca de Babel
Borges story
Biblioteca de las novelas
German series of great novels by international authors, published by Insel Verlag in 1937
Biblioteca de Sagas. See The Saga Library
Biblioteca del Maestro
Biblioteca del Museo británico
British Library, see also British Museum
Biblioteca del Vaticano
Vatican library
Biblioteca Episcopal
in Alicante
Biblioteca internacional de obras famosas
“ Biblioteca Internacional de Obras Famosas.Filosofía-historia-oratoria-poesías-humanismo-novelas”, publication edited in 27 volumes by Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo. (Mentioned in Bustos Domecq´s story.)
Parodi : "el título de la obra explicitaba “Colección de las producciones literarias más notables del mundo, en la que están representados los más grandes escritores de los tiempos antiguos, medioevales y modernos”. En 27 lujosos volúmenes recopilaba textos de autores universales sobre “filosofía, historia, oratoria, poesías, humanismo, novelas”, seleccionados por un equipo internacional encabezado por Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, entonces director de la Biblioteca Nacional de España. Editada en Londres, sin fecha, a fines del siglo XIX o principios del XX" (45).
Biblioteca Nacional
Argentine national library in Buenos Aires, on Calle México when Borges was its director
Biblioteca total
Borges essay, 1939
Biblioteca viva
title of Borges talk at the Escuela Nacional de Bibliotecarios
Biblioteca, La
the journal of the Biblioteca Nacional in Buenos Aires, founded by Paul Groussac in 1896, followed by Anales de la Biblioteca, 1900-1915
Bibliothèque de la Pléiade
series of classic writers in series published by Gallimard; Borges's works were published in two volume sets there in 1999 and in a revised edition in 2010
Bibliotheque Orientale, ou dictionnaire universel contenant tout ce qui regarde la connaissance des peuples de l'Orient
Herbelot work completed by Galland and published in 1697
Bicho feo
tango by Brancatti, here used as a nickname for Bustos Domecq
Bicho Feo. See Bustos Domecq, Honorio
Bicicleta, Lungo
character in Bustos Domecq and Suarez Lynch stories
Bicycle Rider in Beverly Hills, The
Saroyan
Bien plantada de Xenius, La
Eugenio D'Ors novel, 1920
Bienaventuradas, Islas
Fortunate Isles of Greco-Roman mythology, sometimes identified with the Canary Islands or Madeira
Bifronte, el. See Jano
Big Bow Mystery, The
Zangwill mystery novel, 1895
Big Money, The
John Dos Passos novel, 1936
Big Sea, The
Hughes autobiography, 1940
Bikanir
city in Rajasthan, India
Fishburn and Hughes : "An Indian city, founded in 488 in the Thor Desert in north Rajasthan. The princely state of Bikaner was loyal to the Mongol Islamic dynasty in Delhi which ruled over most of India from 1526 to 1857.
CF 193: The attention given by the Arabs to the study of astrology throughout the Middle and Far East makes 'professing' this science in Bikaner plausible." (26)
Bilbao, Manuel
Argentine journalist and writer, 1828-95, director of the newspaper La República, author of various historical novels
Bildad
character in the book of Job
Bilham, Miss
English governess, character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : "personaje de “Toros”, institutriz del Pampa; pasa a trabajar con Montenegro en el burdel de Avellaneda" (73).
Billete de lotería
nothing appears with this title, but lottery tickets are mentioned by Groussac in an article in La Biblioteca in 1902, Desarrollo constitucional
Parodi : “ Billete de lotería , de Paul Groussac”: el escritor, crítico literario e historiador Paul Groussac (1848-1929) llegó de Francia a la Argentina en 1866 y permaneció allí hasta su muerte. Fue director de la Biblioteca Nacional desde 1885 hasta 1929 e impulsó la publicación de dos importantes revistas, La Biblioteca y Anales de la Biblioteca . Entre sus obras no figura ninguna con el título Billete de lotería , aunque sí un cuento que trata de ese tema: “El número 9090”, aparecido en Relatos argentinos , en 1921, y descrito como “estudio de psicología mórbida”. Quien publicó en 1886 la novela Un billete de lotería o El número 9672 fue el escritor, poeta y dramaturgo francés Julio Verne (1828-1905). (102)
Billiken
Argentine magazine for children
Parodi : "una publicación semanal para niños, creada en 1919 por Constancio Cecilio Vigil (1876-1954), escritor y editor uruguayo radicado en Argentina, fundador de la Editorial Atlántida y autor de una larga serie de cuentos infantiles. El Billiken , la revista infantil más antigua de habla hispana, tuvo enorme difusión en toda América Latina y continúa publicándose. Es mencionada también en Modelo ii §32 y en “Inmortales” §5" (190).
Billinghurst
street in Buenos Aires
Billy Budd
Melville novella, written 1886-1891, published posthumously in 1924
Billy the Kid
famous outlaw in the US West, d. 1881, whom Borges calls Bill Harrigan though his real name may have been Henry McCarty or William H. Bonney
Billy the Kid
Vidor film, 1930
Billy, André
French writer and critic, 1882-1971, scholar of Diderot and Balzac
Bilz
brand of soda
Parodi : "la Naranja Bilz era una bebida gaseosa sin alcohol, de intenso color anaranjado y sabor a naranja, muy popular hacia 1940, que se vendía envasada en botellas de vidrio corrugado, de 200 cm 3 . Fue creada en 1902 por Friedrich Eduard Bilz (1842 − 1922), padre de la medicina natural alemana. La naranja Bilz se embotellaba en Juncal y Jerónimo Salguero frente a la Penitenciaría Nacional. Esta bebida es también mencionada en 'Hijo' y en 'Toros'" (37).
Bimbo
cartoon character in the Talkcartoons with Betty Boop
Bimini
Heine poem
Binyon, Laurence
English poet, dramatist and art scholar, 1869-1943.
Biografía de Tadeo Isidoro Cruz
Borges story in El Aleph
Biografia del Baal Shem
Yarmolinsky study of founder of Hasidism
Biografias argentinas y sudamericanas
Book written by Jacinto Yaben
Biógrafo, El
early denomination for cinema theatres
Biographia Literaria
Coleridge's literary autobiography, 1817
Biographical History of Philosophy
Lewes, 1845-46
Bion
Bion the Borysthenite, Greek philosopher, c. 325- c. 255
Bioy Casares, Adolfo
Argentine writer, 1914-99, author of La invención de Morel, El sueño de los héroes, numerous other novels, stories, and essays, and collaborator with Borges in the creation of Bustos Domecq and Suárez Lynch and in the edition of the several anthologies of detective stories, the fantastic and Argentine poetry; a 1662 page extract from his diary of his conversations with Borges was published in 2006
Fishburn and Hughes : "A distinguished Argentine novelist, short-story writer and critic. His best-known novels are La invención de Morel (1940: trans. Morel's Invention 1964) and El sueño de los héroes (1954: trans. The Dream of Heroes 1987). Bioy was a close friend and co-author of Borges, and they published several satirical works under the joint pseudonyms of H. Bustos Domecq, B. Suarez Lynch and B. Lynch such as Seis problemas para Don Isidro Parodi (1942), a parody of detective fiction, and Crónicas de Bustos Domecq (1967). Bioy married Silvina Ocampo, who was also a friend of Borges. The three together compiled an Anthology of Fantastic Literature (1940) and developed the theory and practice of fantastic literature in close collaboration.
The 'Quevedian translation' may refer to the translation of chapter 5 of Browne's Urn Burial which Borges published together with Bioy.
Bioy Casares is the trigger for the plot in the two fictions in which he is named." (27)
Bioy Domecq, Adolfo
Adolfo Bioy Domecq (1882-1962) was the father of Argentine writer Adolfo Bioy Casares. He was a lawyer and politician of the city of Buenos Aires.
Birds of London, The
Hudson, 1898
Birloco
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : "“el Birloco”: podría tratarse aquí del sustantivo ‘birlocho’ (del italiano biroccio ) nombre de un vehículo que drae define: “Carruaje ligero y sin cubierta, de cuatro ruedas y cuatro asientos, abierto por los costados y sin portezuelas”" (404).
Birmania
Burma, now Myanmar
Birome
Parodi : "‘Birome’ es la denominación que se da en Argentina al bolígrafo; el nombre proviene del apellido de László József Bíró (1899 - 1985), un inventor húngaro - argentino que, huyendo del nazismo, se radicó en 1940 en Buenos Aires junto con su hermano György y su amigo Johann Meyne. En 1931 había patentado en Hungría un prototipo del bolígrafo y en 1943, ya en Argentina, logró perfeccionarlo y crear la empresa Biro - Meyne - Biro para la producción en serie de la “esferográfica” Birome" (415).
Birot, Pierre Albert
French avant-garde author, 1876-1967
Birrell, Augustine
English author and politician, 1850-1933.
Birrell, Francis
British critic and journalist, 1889-1935
Bischoff, Erich
German scholar, 1865-1936, author of Die Elemente der Kabbalah as well as writings on the Talmud, the Yiddish language, etc.
Bishop Blougram's Apology
Browning poem, 1855.
Bishop Murder Case
El crimen del alfil, Van Dine novel involving chess, 1930
Bishop, Edmund
English divine, author of The Genius of the Roman Rite and other works on religion
Biskupa sogur
stories of the bishops of Iceland, edited by Sigurdsson and Vigfusson, 1853-1878
Bismarck
Gustav Frenssen play, 1913
Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold
German politician and statesman, 1815-98
Biter Bit, The
Wilkie Colins, short story.
Bitter de Basques
Parodi : "un aperitivo producido en Burdeos desde el siglo XIX , que se importaba en Argentina" (349).
Bizancio. See Constantinopla
Bizet, Georges
French composer, 1838-1875, known for his opera Carmen, based on a Prosper Merimée novel
Bjarg
town in northwestern Iceland
Blaaland
old Norse name for Ethiopia
Black and Tans
Fishburn and Hughes : "A force of special constabulary operating in Ireland towards the end of the Anglo-Irish 'Troubles' (1916-22), recruited from demobilised British soldiers. The name derived from the improvised uniform of khaki military trousers and black police tunics. It was also the name of a well-known pack of hounds in Limerick. The ferocity with which the Black and Tans carried out reprisals against the Irish Republican Army earned them lasting notoriety. They were associated with some of the worst atrocities of the civil war, notably the killings at Croke Park in Derry on 21 November 1920." (27)
Black Boy
Richard Wright autobiography, 1945
Black Bryony
T. F. Powys, 1923
Black Christ, The
Cullen book of poems, 1929
Black Riders, The
Crane book of poems, 1895
Black Robe, The
Wilkie Collins, 1881.
Black Rock
Charles Gordon/Ralph Connor novel, 1898
Black Spectacles, The
Dickson Carr, novel, 1939.
Black Spring
Henry Miller novel, 1936
Black, John
character in Bradbury's Martian Chronicles
Blackfriars
theatre in the Blackfriars district of London built on the site of a Dominican monastery; the second Blackfriars theatre was the property of James Burbage, father of Richard Burbage
Bladé, J. F.
soldier mentioned by Charles Maurras
Blair, Hugh, Dr.
Scottish Presbyterian divine and professor of rhetoric and literature, 1718-1800, author of a laudatory Dissertation on Macpherson's Ossian
Blakaman
here used as a nickname for Dr. Bernardo Castillo
Blake, Guillermo
English rancher in Chubut, character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : "El pensamiento de este personaje coincide con el del místico William Blake (cf. Dos fantasías memorables ), heredero de la tradición platónica, cuya doctrina coincide con lo que Bustos enuncia en el resumen de El elegido " (330).
Blake, Nicholas
pseud. of the poet C. Day Lewis, 1904-72, used to sign detective novels
Blake, Pedro V.
Argentine poet, author of La quietud de la fronda, 1921
Blake, Sexton
detective in a long series of anonymous novellas for boys
Parodi : "Sexton Blake es un célebre detective de miles de ficciones policiales inglesas escritas por diferentes autores, aparecidas entre 1893 y 1978. Mencionado también en “Vilaseco” §1" (220).
Blake, William
English poet and artist, 1757-1827, author of Songs of Innocence and of Experience, The Book of Urizen, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell and many other works
Blanc à Lunettes, le
Simenon novel, 1937
Blanca soledad, La
Lugones poem in El libro fiel
Blanco Encalada
street in Buenos Aires
Blanco Fombona, Rufino
Venezuelan writer and politician, 1874-1944
Blancos
Fishburn and Hughes : "A Uruguayan political party founded by the followers of Oribe, so called because, at the battle of Carpentería against Rivera in 1836, they wore white hatbands, while their enemies, the Colorados, wore red. The Blanco party consisted of rich landowners who supported the Federalist policy of Rosas in Buenos Aires. The two-party system continued to dominate the political scene in Uruguay for over a century. The Blancos are now known as the Nationalists and represent the conservative classes, while the Colorados, more radical, sponsor the labour forces of Montevideo and the new non-Spanish immigrants." (27)
Blanes, Juan Manuel
Uruguayan painter known for his historical subjects, 1830-1901
Blankenburg-am-Harz
resort town in central Germany, birthplace of Oswald Spengler
Blanqui, Louis Auguste
French revolutionary, 1805-1881, author of a work on astrology, L'Eternité par les astres, 1872
Blasón
Darío poem in Prosas profanas, 1896
Blast
Vorticist journal edited by Wyndham Lewis, 2 issues, 1914-15
Blast of the Book, The
Chesterton story in The Scandal of Father Brown
Blatz, William
expert on childhood, 1895-1964, author of a book on the Dionne sisters, The Five Sisters, 1938
Blecua, José Manuel
Spanish philologist, 1913-2003
Blemies
monsters with their faces on their chests, mentioned by Lane
Blessed Damozel, The
Rossetti poem, 1850
Blessing of Pan, The
Dunsany story, 1928
Blicamcepero
furniture store in Buenos Aires that sold Murphy beds
Parodi :" “en un Blicamcepero [ sic ] en buen uso”: Blicancepero (con -n-) es una empresa que fabrica muebles y colchones; a este último producto alude aquí Bustos" (301).
Blind Barber, The
Dickson Carr, novel, 1934.
Blind Love
Wilkie Collins, unfinished novel, 1890.
Blind Lover
Shand poem in Ferment
Blithedale Romance, The
Hawthorne, 1852.
Blok, Alexander
Russian symbolist poet, 1880-1921, author of poem The Twelve on the Russian revolution
Blomberg, Héctor Pedro
Argentine poet, 1890-1955
Bloom, Leopold
character in Joyce's Ulysses
Fishburn and Hughes : "The seemingly mock-heroic, yet still heroic, protagonist of James Joyce's Ulysses , whose peregrinations around Dublin are closely identified with the wanderings in the Mediterranean of the Homeric Odysseus (Ulysses).
Leopold Bloom's 'irreversible florin' is an allusion to the 'Ithaca' episode in Ulysses in which Bloom marks a florin with three notches on the milled edge before spending it in order to see whether it will come back to him. It does not ( Ulysses , Harmondsworth, 617)." (27)
Blosio
François Louis Blosius, French mystical writer and monk, 1506-66
Parodi : "François−Louis Blosius (1506−1566), nacido en Flandes, fue monje benedictino y escritor místico. Entre sus obras: Speculum Monachorum, Entretiens spirituels, Instructions spirituelles et pensées consolantes " (89).
Blougram, Sylvester
character in Browning's poem Bishop Blougram's Apology
Bloy, Léon
French writer, 1846-1917, author of Le Desesperé, La Femme pauvre, Le Mendiant ingrat and other works
Fishburn and Hughes : "A French writer who became a Catholic convert and proselyte. His L'âme de Napoléon (1912), Journal (1939) and published letters are characterised by mysticism. Bloy's faith rested on the concept that man is saved through suffering and love, a source of mystical inspiration. Borges was particularly attracted to Bloy’s belief in the symbolic character of the Scriptures, and to his notion that history is an immense text to be deciphered, in a manner reminiscent of Cabbalisim. This is discussed in “On the Cult of Books”(TF 358) and in “The Mirrors of Enigmas” (Other Inq.)
The allusion to Bloy, echoing the belief that each man has a counterpart in heaven in 'inverted reflection' of his identity, is probably based on the argument of the last chapter of L'âme de Napoléon entitled 'The Invisible Companion'. This refers to the doctrine of the guardian angel who acompanies each person, knowing and seeing what he does not know and see, and crying whenever he sins. 'Conforming with the law of supernatural equilibrium', the relationship between man and his angel must be such that the lowest of sinners will be under the protection of a high-ranking angel, capable of bearing the weight of his sins, while the angels appointed to great men such as Napoleon, would be 'humble and timid', the 'smallest of the Blessed Messengers'." (27-28)
Blue Angel, The
Sternberg film with Marlene Dietrich and Emil Jannings, 1930
Blue Cross, The
Chesterton story in The Innocence of Father Brown
Bluecher, Gebhard
Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Fürst von Wahlstatt, 1742-1819, Prussian general who led armies against Napoleon
Blunden, Edmund
English poet, author and critic, 1896-1974.
Bluntschli
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : "supuesto excéntrico suizo que ganó fama en la localidad de Ouchy (cf. infra ), en 1909. El nombre evoca el de un personaje de Arms and the man , de George Bernard Shaw (cf. Crónicas Epígrafe), estrenada en 1894. En esta comedia, el Capitán Bluntschli es un soldado profesional suizo empleado por el ejército serbio en la breve guerra serbo búlgara de 1885, a la que los suizos contribuyeron con gran cantidad de mercenarios. Bluntschli es un excéntrico, incapaz de apreciar valores militares como el coraje o el honor, que prefiere ir a la guerra armado con chocolates en lugar de municiones y cuyo objetivo es encontrar la manera de sobrevivir en medio de una guerra que considera fútil. El Bluntschli evocado por Bustos Domecq comparte con el de Shaw el hecho de ser también suizo y de preferir el uso de armas de chocolate con almendras" (290).
Bluntschli, Captain
character in Shaw's Arms and the Man
Blup-Bulpington, Theodore
captain in Wells novel
Bo
character in Bustos Domecq story
Boabdil
Abu Abdullah, last Moorish king of Granada, ruled 1482-92
Bobalicón de las islas inesperadas. See John Bull's Other Island
Boca, La
Boca del Riachuelo, Buenos Aires neighborhood at south edge of city by the Riachuelo
Parodi : "“barriada boquense, que dormita junto a los docks”: referencia al barrio porteño de La Boca, también llamado La Boca del Riachuelo, por su ubicación en la desembocadura del Riachuelo, nombre que recibe el río Matanza al desaguar en el Río de La Plata. La Boca, zona de residencia de inmigrantes italianos y especialmente genoveses, fue el primer puerto natural de la ciudad. Hacia fines del siglo xix, la construcción del nuevo puerto dotó a parte de esa zona de dársenas −(conocidas también como docks , término inglés que ha perdurado en el nombre del barrio porteño de Dock Sud)− y de grandes depósitos. El Riachuelo sirve de límite sur entre la Ciudad y la Provincia de Buenos Aires" (24).
Bocage, Manuel Maria Barbosa du
neoclassical Portuguese poet, 1735-1805
Boccaccio, Giovanni
Italian writer, 1313-1375, author of the Decameron
Boccioni, Umberto
Italian futurist painter and sculptor, 1882-1916
Parodi : "Umberto Boccioni (1882−1916) uno de los principales miembros del movimiento futurista de Marinetti, inspirador del Manifiesto de los pintores futuristas y del Manifiesto técnico del futurismo ; cf. “Toros” i §1" (101).
Bocetos biográficos del doctor Ramón S. Castillo
official biography of Argentine president according to Suárez Lynch, 1942-43
Bocetos californianos. See The Luck of Roaring Camp
Bodas de Sangre
tragedy written by Federico García Lorca in 1932
Bodas del cielo y del infierno. See The Marriage of Heaven and Hell
Bodendrucker
animal rather like a cross between an elephant and a steam roller, lives on the planet Neptune
Bodhidharma
legendary founder of Zen Buddhism, who came to China from India in the late 5th century A.D.
Bodhisattva
here used to refer to Siddhartha, Gautama Buddha before he received enlightenment
Bodleiana
Bodleian Library, Oxford
Bodmer, Johann Jakob
Swiss writer and critic, 1698-1783
Bodoni, Giambattista
Italian printer, 1740-1813
Parodi : "Giambattista Bodoni (1740-1813), un impresor y tipógrafo italiano, fue autor de Manuale tipográfico , 1788, el más importante tratado de tipografía de la historia. En 1963, el editor italiano Franco Maria Ricci (1937), especialista en la obra de Bodoni, publicó un facsímil del Manuale tipográfico , en una lujosa edición de alto valor artístico. Las publicaciones de la editorial de Ricci incluyen libros, catálogos, agendas, revistas, todos de gran refinamiento estético. Las obras son impresas en papel Fabriano, encuadernadas en seda negra y estampadas en la tipografía Bodoni. En 1977, Ricci invitó a Borges a dirigir la colección de literatura fantástica “La Biblioteca de Babel”, publicada en italiano, francés e inglés; las obras a editarse fueron seleccionadas y prologadas por Borges mismo. Poco antes de la muerte de Borges, Ricci agregó a la colección el volumen 31: Nuovi racconti di Bustos Domecq " (299).
Body in the Library, The
Agatha Christie, novel, 1942.
Boecio
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, Roman philosopher and scholar, 480- 524, author of De consolatione philosophiae
Boedo
street and neighborhood in the southern part of Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes : "An avenue in a poor district in south-western Buenos Aires, the name of which gave rise in the 1920s to the 'Group of Boedo'. The members of this group were mostly of immigrant descent with Marxist or anarchist tendencies. They wrote for the people, unlike the more elitist and cosmopolitan 'Group of Florida' with which Borges was identified." (28)
Parodi : 1) "un barrio ubicado al sur de la ciudad de Buenos Aires; de corte popular, vinculado con la historia del tango y con la literatura por el llamado Grupo de Boedo, mencionado en “Vestuario I” §8" (155).
2) "“Dos escuelas proceden de la baronesa de Servus […] La primera es la escuela de Florida; la otra, de tufillo más popular, la de Boedo”: dos calles de Buenos Aires, la elegante y aristocrática calle Florida (cf. “Palabra” §8) y la popular calle Boedo (cf. “Signo” §5) dieron nombre a los grupos antagónicos. Dice Borges en “La inútil discusión de Boedo y Florida”: “La disputación de Boedo y Florida fue motivo de sorna para los más, de traviesa o malhumorada belicosidad para los empeñados en ella, y de tranquila consideración póstuma para alguno, que esta vez soy yo. / Rememoro el caso. Básteme señalar, en socorro del olvidadizo o desentendido lector, que allá por los inverosímiles días de la nueva sensibilidad guerrearon dos facciones literarias en Buenos Aires, y que la primera se dijo ser de Boedo y que a la segunda le dijeron ser de Florida.” ( TR 1: 365). No obstante este comentario de 1928, en repetidas ocasiones, Borges negó la existencia de esos grupos y de esa polémica. Hacia la época de la escritura de Crónicas , Bioy registra en Borges 1132 (correspondiente a al año 1966): “Dice [Borges]: “Un día van a aplazar en un examen a un muchacho porque no supo qué fue la polémica de Florida y Boedo. No hubo tal polémica: todo fue una broma inventada por Ernesto Palacio y Roberto Mariani. La gente que vivió entonces, ¿no recuerda que nunca existió la polémica? ¿Inventa recuerdos?” [Ernesto Palacio (1900-1979) fue escritor, historiador y periodista; alistado en el nacionalismo local. Roberto Mariani (1893-1946) escritor que participó en el grupo de Boedo]" (316-17).
Boehme, Jakob
German mystic, 1575-1624, author of De signatura rerum and Mysterium magnum
Boétie, Etienne de la
French writer and political philosopher, 1530-1563, friend of Montaigne
Bofetada, La
Excerpt from Essays in Little (1891) by Lang.
Bofill i Matas, Jaume
Catalan writer and politician, 1878-1983
Bogen des Odysseus, Der
Hauptmann play, 1914
Bogle, Ebenezer
character in Borges story about the Tichborne Claimant, based on Ezra Bogle
Bogotá
capital of Colombia
Bohemia
region in central Europe, now in Czech Republic
Fishburn and Hughes : "A province of Czechoslovakia and the centre of many artistic and cultural traditions. Professing astrology in Bohemia could be a veiled allusion to Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) who came to Prague Observatory in 1600 and established the laws of planetary motion which later enabled Newton to formulate his theory of gravitation." (28)
Böhme, Jakob
Jakob Boehme, German Christian mystic, 1575-1624
Fishburn and Hughes : "A German Lutheran mystic, author of many theosophical works, including an allegorical explanation of the book of Genesis entitled Mysterium Magnum . Böhme had experienced mystical revelations from childhood, and believed that he could penetrate the mysteries of God through contemplation.
The 'indirect Jewish sources' may refer to Böhme's use of Christian metaphors to express his intuition and close affinity to Cabbalistic thought." (28)
Boiardo, Matteo Maria
Italian poet, 1441?-1494, author of the Orlando Innamorato
Boileau, Nicolas
French critic and poet, 1636-1711
Boina
Loomis book, 1916
Boissonnas, Edith
German poet, 1904-1989
Boitano
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : "“Banderas de Boitano”: Boitano es una casa de venta y alquiler de banderas, toldos y tiendas para fiestas, fundada en Buenos Aires a principios de los años treinta" (378).
Bol de lait, Le
Jules Supervielle poetic narrative in L'Arche de Noé, 1938
Bola, La
Silva Valdés poem
Bolaris, Richard
character in H. G. Wells's The Brothers
Bolitho, William
pseudonym of South African writer Charles Ryall, 1890-1930, author of Twelve Against the Gods and Murder for Profit
Bolívar
City in the Province of Buenos Aires.
Bolívar
street in Buenos Aires
Bolívar, Simón
Venezuelan soldier and statesman, 1783-1830
Fishburn and Hughes : "A military and political leader, the liberator of northern Spanish America, regarded as South America's greatest political genius. After freeing his native Venezuela from Spanish rule in 1813, and Colombia in 1819, Bolívar was elected in 1821 President of a conglomeration of Andean countries known as Gran Colombia. In 1822 with the help of his officer General Sucre, he defeated the Spaniards in Ecuador. He then marched on Peru, the stronghold of Spanish power, and in 1824 achieved South America's final victory over Spain at the battle of Ayacucho.
Guayaquil: during his long campaign Bolívar wrote a great many letters, which were edited in twelve volumes by Vicente Lecuna (1929-1959). The letters to San Martín concerning preparations for the meeting at Guayaquil are both deferential and effusive.
A letter dated 13 August 1822 is stated as the cause of the rivalry between the two scholars in 'Guayaquil': the existing letter of that date is unlikely to be the one meant. It is addressed to General Santander, and in it Bolívar declines Santander's invitation to return to Bogotá to take charge of the government. The only mention made of San Martín is of the possibility of his army's defeat, which was another reason why Bolívar had to remain in the south. A letter allegedly written by San Martín to Bolívar, on the existence of which the legend of Guayaquil appeared partially substantiated, was found in 1939 to be a forgery, causing a furore in the Academy of History." (28-29)
Bolivia
country
Bolli
character in the Laxdoela Saga
Bollini
street in Buenos Aires
Bolthorn
character in the Elder Edda
Bombal, María Luisa
Chilean novelist and short story writer, 1910-1980, author of La última niebla and La amortajada
Bombal, Susana
Argentine writer, d. 1990, author of Tres domingos, El cuadro de Anneke Loors and other works; late in life she dedicated a labyrinth in her garden in San Rafael, Mendoza, to Borges
Bombay
port city in western India, now Mumbai
Fishburn and Hughes : "The second largest city of India, whose name derives from the Portuguese Boa Bahia, meaning 'good harbour'. The Approach to Al-Mu’tasim: Bombay has a university and is a notable publishing centre." (29)
Bombay Gazette, The
newspaper
Fishburn and Hughes : "Published from about 1792 to 1914, one of the few early papers to continue after the establishment of official government gazettes in 1830." (29)
Bombay Quarterly Review, The
magazine
Fishburn and Hughes : "Published 1855-8." (29)
Bompiani encyclopedia. See Dictionnaire biographique des auteurs de tous les temps et de tous les pays
Bompiani, Valentino
Italian publisher, compiler of several encyclopedias of world literature, 1898-1992
Parodi : "Valentino Silvio Bompiani (1898-1992) escritor y dramaturgo italiano fue el fundador, en 1929, de la Editorial Bompiani, dedicada principalmente a la edición de obras enciclopédicas. En 1938 publicó los dos volúmenes de la Enciclopedia Pratica Bompiani. Cultura, vita civile, famiglia , a la que siguieron, entre otros, el Dizionario Bompiani delle opere e dei personaggi di tutti i tempi e di tutte le letterature (1946-50). En 1957 editó la Enciclopedia filosofica Bompiani . En 1938 Borges escribió en El Hogar una reseña sobre la primera de las enciclopedias. Su comentario destaca especialmente la marcada tendencia política de las entradas sobre cultura e historia, que exaltan el régimen fascista italiano. Especifica el contenido: “breves diccionarios geográficos, biográficos, mitológicos y económicos, una tabla de logaritmos y un panorama de la gramática latina, alemana, inglesa y francesa.” ( Cautivos 282)" (278-79).
Bonanova, Fortunio
pseudonym of Joseph Lluís Moll, Spanish singer and actor, 1895-1969, signed the Ultraísta Manifest of 1921
Bonaparte
von Unruh play, 1927
Bonaparte. See Napoleon
Bonastre
author of Almafuerte, 1920
Bonavena, Ramon
character in various Bustos Domecq stories
Parodi : "un novelista afincado en Ezpeleta (cf. “Fiesta” §6), al sur del Gran Buenos Aires, una localidad que hacia la época de la escritura de esta crónica era apenas un pueblo. Allí, hacia 1936, supuestamente tiene lugar la entrevista de Bustos. Bonavena es el presunto autor de Nor-noroeste , novela que estuvo precedida por diversos proyectos. El sexto volumen de la novela habría sido publicado póstumamente, en 1939 (cf. infra §15)" (258).
Bone, Gavin
translator of The Seafarer in 1934
Bonesatti, Tobías
Argentine writer, editor and radio personality, author of Educación estética
Bonet, Carmelo M.
Argentine literary critic, 1886-?
Bonfanti, Mario
character in Bustos Domecq and Suarez Lynch stories, also mentioned once in a Borges story
Fishburn and Hughes : "A pompous and pathetic character created by Borges in collaboration with Bioy Casares under their pseudonym Bustos Domecq." (29)
Parodi : "personaje de “Toros”, “Sangiácomo”, Modelo y Fantasías (“Testigo”); es el único personaje de Bustos Domecq que se menciona en la obra personal de Borges, (“El Aleph” 626: “Huelga repetir lo ocurrido; Carlos Argentino Daneri recibió el Segundo Premio Nacional de Literatura. El primero fue otorgado al doctor Aita; el tercero, al doctor Mario Bonfanti”). Hispanista, sacerdote, docente, conferenciante, gramático y purista de la lengua en la Asociación Aborigenista Argentina; orador en Radio Huasipungo; colaborador del periódico El Malón ; secretario de Montenegro y cliente de su burdel de Avellaneda; secretario de Le Fanu en Modelo ; conferenciante en la Casa de Arte y en el Ateneo Samaniego. Autor de varias obras: Rebusco de aragonesismos en algunos folletos de J. Cejador y Frauca, Ya todo lo dijo Góngora , una adaptación para adultos del Cantar del Myo Cid ; colaborador en la escritura de la novela La espada al medio día de Ricardo Sangiácomo; Bonfanti prepara una “severa gauchización de las Soledades de Góngora” y una reedición de Ariel , de Rodó; en una ocasión, agrega una nota al pie a una página de Bustos. Paladín de la cultura hispánica, la dicción de Bonfanti es netamente ibérica y su discurso, una suma de leísmos, arcaísmos, expresiones en desuso, refranes. Sobre el posible modelo real para el personaje de Bonfanti, Bioy comenta: “Yo creo que no pensamos tanto en Capdevila sino más bien en el cuñado de Borges y en Larreta y en Carlos Noel y en…, bueno…, había unos cuantos…” (Sorrentino 35). Bioy se refiere a: Arturo Capdevila (1889−1967), autor de poesías, dramas y ensayos; fue abogado, juez, y docente universitario de filosofía, literatura y sociología. Además, fue un activo conferencista y presidió el Instituto Popular de Conferencias del diario La Prensa . Obtuvo el Premio Nacional de Literatura en 1920, 1923 y 1931 y en 1949, el Gran Premio de Honor de la Sociedad Argentina de Escritores. En segundo lugar, Bioy menciona a “el cuñado de Borges”, o sea a Guillermo de Torre (1900−1971); cf. infra §14. En tercer lugar, se refiere a Enrique Larreta (1875−1961), cf. “Palabra” §15. En cuanto a Carlos Noel (1886−1941) fue político y diplomático, recordado por su actuación como intendente de Buenos Aires entre 1922 y 1927. Noel fue periodista, crítico de arte y autor de algunos ensayos. También es autor de La boda de don Juan , publicada en 1927 con prólogo de Ramón Pérez de Ayala, una “crónica novelada” de tono castizo y estilo arcaizante. Entre esos posibles modelos de Bonfanti, en otras ocasiones Bioy menciona a Ricardo Monner Sanz (1853−1927); (cf. Modelo i §20)" (79-80).
Bonfirraro
character in Bustos Domecq story
Bonheur, Le
L'Herbier film, 1934
Bonhommes de cire, Les
Jules Supervielle poetic narrative in L'Arche de Noé, 1938
Bonifacio V
Neapolitan, pope from 619 to 625
Bonifacio. See Almafuerte
Bonney, Anne
Irish pirate active in the Caribbean, c. 1698-1782
Bonnie Scotland
Laurel and Hardy film, 1935
Bonorino, Agustin R.
butcher in Belgrano murdered by the Pata Santa gang, crime for which Isidro Parodi is imprisoned
Bontempelli, Massimo
Italian novelist and poet, 1878-1960
Book About Myself, A
Dreiser autobiography, 1922
Book of Books, The
1938 edition of the Bible with modernized language
Book of Martyrs
popular name for Foxe's Acts and Monuments of these latter perilous times touching matters of the Church, Latin edition, 1559, English version, 1563
Book of Ptah, The
Van Vogt science fiction work, 1948
Book of Roses, The
Parkman work on gardening, 1866
Book of Tea, The
Okakura Kakuzo, 1906
Book of the Common (Libro del Común)
Fishburn and Hughes : "The Popol Vuh , the national book of the Quiché Maya, which contains their mythology and history. The manuscript was found in the village of Chichicastenango, in the Quiché area, by Father Francisco Ximénez, who transcribed it and translated it into Spanish. It became known to the Spaniards as The Book of the Council or The Book of the Community . The expressions used by Tzinacán to describe his mystical vision are taken more or less directly from the first two chapters of Part One which describe the creation of the world - 'The mountains appeared from the water; and instantly the mountains grew' — and of the first men, made of wood: 'And instantly the figures were made of wood. They looked like men, talked like men.' These first men, the narrative continues, behaved cruelly towards the objects and animals which surrounded them, and 'their earthen jars, plates, pots and grinding stones' turned against them, and so did the dogs which took revenge 'and destroyed their faces'. Equally, at the beginning of chapter 1 we read that only the Great Father and the Great Mother (Qaholom and Alom, for the Quiché had a dual concept of divinity) were there, in the water, hidden under green and blue feathers. After 'the word came' they united their thoughts and 'planned the creation.'" (29)
Book of the Duchess, The
Chaucer elegy on the duchess of Lancaster, 1369
Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night
Mil y una noches, Burton translation, 1885-88
Book-Worm, The
London literary magazine founded in the 1880s
Bookman, The
London literary magazine, 1891-1934
Books and Characters
Strachey, 1922
Boole, George
English logician and mathematician, 1815-64
Fishburn and Hughes : "An English logician and mathematician. In The Laws of Thought Boole dealt with the methodology of deriving logical inferences. Boole was the first mathematician to associate mathematics with logic, showing how the symbols of algebra can be made to represent logical forms and syllogisms. By the use of such symbols all propositions can be reduced to universally accessible equations. If, for example, the symbols x and y signify respectively 'horned' and 'sheep', the combination xy will mean 'horned sheep'. Equally 1-x will indicate everything except horned things, and (1-x) (1-y) everything which is neither horned nor sheep. Boole's Memoirs were published by the Royal Society, one of whose founders, John Wilkins, had advocated the possibility of a universal language based on a system of logical symbols." (30)
Booth, John Wilkes
Actor, 1838-1865, who assassinated Abraham Lincoln in 1865, in a theatre
Bopp, León
French author and philosopher, 1840-1887.
Borametz
plant of Tartary that resembles a sheep, described by Thomas Browne in Pseudodoxia Epidemica
Borelius, Axel
Swedish theologian in Borges story
Borg
place mentioned in the Younger Edda
Borgarfjord
fjord in eastern Iceland
Borges Acevedo
Borges’ family
Borges family
claims made of origins in Moncorvo, Portugal
Borges Haslam, Francisco Eduardo
Argentine mariner, ship captain and J.L. Borges's paternal uncle (1872-1940).
Borges y el crimen de la guerra
article about Borges's response to a border dispute between Argentina and Chile, 1978
Borges y yo
famous short prose piece in El hacedor
Borges, Elsa Astete Millan de. See Astete, Elsa
Borges, Francisco
Argentine colonel, 1833-74, Borges's grandfather
Fishburn and Hughes : "Borges's grandfather, a colonel in the Santa Fe garrison on the frontiers with the open pampa. In 1870, while defending the town of Paraná against an attack of montoneros , Francisco Borges met and later married Borges's grandmother, Frances (Fanny) Haslam. He died in action at La Verde in 1874, while fighting to suppress Mitre's revolt.
After her husband's death in 1874 Borges's English grandmother, who came from Staffordshire, was left to bring up their two sons in the alien surroundings of Paraná. Her loneliness and divided loyalties are recalled in 'Story of the Warrior and the Captive'." (30)
Borges, Guillermo Juan
Argentine poet, first cousin of Borges, 1906-1966, later a lawyer
Borges, Jorge Guillermo
Borges's father, 1873-1938, author of novel El caudillo
Borges, Jorge Luis
Argentine writer, 1899-1986
Borges, Norah
Argentine painter, 1901-98, Borges's sister, married Guillermo de Torre
Borgese, Giuseppe Antonio
Italian writer, 1882-1952
Borgia family
powerful family in the Italian Renaissance, of Spanish origin
Borgia, Cesare
Italian duke and politician, 1476-1507
Borgoña
Burgundy or Bourgogne, region of France
Parodi : "“Bourgogne y del Beaujolais”: dos denominaciones de origen de vinos franceses, producidas en las regiones de Borgoña, al centro-noreste del país, y Beaujolais, situada al sur de Borgoña y al norte de Lyon" (349).
Borneo
large island in southwest Pacific
Borrow, George
English traveler, adventurer and writer, 1803-81, author of The Bible in Spain
Borsalino
Parodi : "“con sombrero Borsalino”: sombrero de copa baja y redonda, creado en Italia a mediados del siglo xix por la fábrica de Giuseppe Borsalino" (387).
Borzage, Frank
US film director, 1893-1962
Boscán, Juan
Joan Boscá i Almogàver, Spanish poet and translator, c. 1490-1542, known for bringing Italian hendesyllabic verse into Spanish
Bosch
hospital in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes : "A well-known private clinic in Buenos Aires frequented by the porteño elite." (30)
Bosco, don
Giovanni Melchior Bosco, 1815-88, founder of the Salesian Society, which sent missionaries to the Argentine Indians
Bósforo
Bosphorus, strait in Istanbul dividing Europe and Asia
Bosque del Sur
Bosque petrificado. See Petrified Forest
Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne
French theologian, moralist and orator, 1627-1704, author of Discours sur l'histoire universelle, Elevations à Dieu sur les mystères and other works
Boston
capital of the state of Massachusetts
Fishburn and Hughes : "In Henry James's novels Boston represents the set of moral and intellectual values, contrasted with European culture, particularly the culture of London: correct behaviour and conventional morality coupled with intellectual sterility, ignorance and sexual repression." (30)
Boswell, James
Scottish writer and biographer, 1740-95, author of a Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, a Life of Samuel Johnson and extensive diaries and letters
Bottacchiari, Rodolfo
Italian writer and scholar of German literature, 1885-1952, author of Uomini, fantasmi ed eroi, 1936
Botticelli, Sandro
Italian painter, c. 1444-1510
Bottomley, Gordon
English poet, 1874-1948, known for his verse dramas
Boucher, Lucien
French artist, 1889-1971.
Bouddhisme
David-Neel, 1936
Bouilhet, Louis
French poet and playwright, 1822-1869, friend of Flaubert
Boule de suif
Bola de sebo, Maupassant story, 1880
Boulevard Oroño
avenue in Rosario
Boulogne
port city in France
Boulogne Sur Mer
Argentine town, suburb of Buenos Aires, named for city in France where San Martin died
Parodi :" localidad del norte de Francia, ubicada junto al Canal de la Mancha. Su nombre es familiar en algunos países latinoamericanos porque el 17 de agosto de 1850 murió allí José de San Martín, uno de los libertadores de América" (316).
Bouquet de estrellas perfumadas
Santiago Ginzberg collection of poems
Bourg la Reine
Commune of the area of Île-de-France located in the southern suburbs of Paris. Usually Bourg-la-Reine.
Bourgeois gentilhomme, Le
Burgués gentilhombre, Molière comedy, 1670
Bourget, Paul
French writer, 1852-1935
Bourgogne. See Borgoña
Boursier, Charles
author of Huit cents devises de cadrans solaires, 1937, on sundials
Bousset, Wilhelm
Biblical scholar, author of articles for the Encyclopaedia Britannica on the Antichrist, Basilides, Gnosticism, and Valentinus
Fishburn and Hughes : "A German theologian, the founder of a school of biblical studies, whose writings include works on the early Church and Gnosticism. Bousset highlighted the influence of Hellenistic traditions on the expansion of orthodox Christianity, claiming that many biblical passages stemmed from ancient myths of Egyptian and Babylonian origin.
CF 204: Bousset's standpoint was opposed to that of his contemporary Harnack. This rivalry, in the context of The Theologians', can be perceived in the differences within the theological schools mentioned in the story." (30-31)
Boutroux, Émile
French philosopher of science and religion, and an historian of philosophy (1845-1921).
Bouvard
copy clerk, character in Flaubert's Bouvard et Pécuchet
Bouvard et Pécuchet
Flaubert novel, 1881
Bove, Emmanuel
French novelist, 1898-1945
Bowery, The
street and neighborhood in New York
Bowmen, The
Machen
Boy Apprenticed to an Enchanter
Padraic Colum title here translated as El muchacho que sabía lo que decían los pájaros and ascribed to the year 1918 instead of 1920
Boy David, The
Barrie, 1936
Bradamante
character in Ariosto
Bradbury, Ray
US writer of science fiction, b. 1920
Bradford, Eduard S.
clothing designer of Necochea, character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : "en términos de Bustos Domecq, Bradford fue un “Pionero y Mártir de la Secta de los Pictos”. Desde 1923 hasta 1931 circuló desnudo por Necochea. Murió en Sierra Chica (cf. infra §3)"(314).
Bradford, William
early US historian and governor, 1590-1657, author of History of Plimmoth Plantation
Bradley, Andrew Cecil
English scholar of Shakespeare, 1851-1935, author of Shakespearean Tragedy and Oxford Lectures, brother of F. H. Bradley
Bradley, Francis Herbert
English idealist philosopher, 1846-1924, author of Ethical Studies, Principles of Logic, Appearance and Reality, and Essay on Truth and Reality
Fishburn and Hughes : "An English idealist philosopher, a follower of Hegel and Kant and an outspoken critic of the utilitarian and empiricist schools. Bradley's best-known work is Appearance and Reality (1893), an 'essay on metaphysics'. Described in the Preface as 'a critical discussion of first principles', it is an invitation to doubt all preconceptions and to ascertain how far reality can be known. Though claiming that knowledge of the Absolute is available to us, Bradley argues that our comprehension of it, based as it is on appearance, must be partial, but that this imperfect knowledge is not worthless. Appearance, even when misleading, is still a component of reality. Borges, always intrigued by epistemological problems of the limitations of the human mind, recalls Bradley's theories in two essays (Other Inq. 112-13 and TL 317). In a discussion of regression ad infinitum in relationships Borges quotes Bradley's ideas as expounded in chapter 4 of Appearance and Reality where Bradley denies causal relations, and indeed all types of relation, arguing that relations are realities in their own right. Thus no unitary thing can be considered a collection of its properties; rather the relatedness of its properties is a constituent of reality.
Herbert Quain: Bradley’s ‘backward-running world’ alludes to his argument that 'direction' is relative to 'our' world but not necessarily an aspect of reality. For we can suppose that there are beings who have no contact with the world we experience whose lives run in a direction opposite to ours. If we could know their world, a world in which, as Borges quoting Bradley says, 'death would come before birth, the blow would follow the wound', this would appear to us irrational and inconsistent only because of our experience. But, transcending the limits of our life, we might find a reality which had 'no direction', or rather which showed 'both directions harmoniously combined in a consistent whole'.
The Secret Miracle CF 159: Bradley postulates that time, like space, is merely appearance, and that neither belongs to reality. He denies the existence of time on the grounds that it is endless, whereas an end is essential to being. Like space, time is a relation between terms which can never be found, since there are no clear demarcations separating the past, the present and future. As Borges explains, 'if the now is divisible into other nows, it is no less complicated than time and, if indivisible, time is a mere relation between non-temporal things'." (31)
Bradley, James
English astronomer, 1693-1762; the references suggest that Borges actually has in mind F. H. Bradley
Braga, Teófilo
Portuguese politician, author and playwright, 1843-1924, author of Visão dos tempos
Bragado
town in province of Buenos Aires
Bragado
city in province of Buenos Aires, sometimes Bragao
Fishburn and Hughes : "A town and river in the province of Buenos Aires. The district of the same name, a centre of the dairy industry, lies near the river Salado." (31)
Bragdon, Claude
US architect, writer and stage designer, 1866-1946
Bragi
Scandinavian god of poetry and eloquence, son of Odin
Brahma
Hindu god
Brahma
Emerson poem
Brahmanes y el león, Los
Excerpt from the Panchatantra
Brahms, Johannes
German composer, 1833-97, whose opus 45 is Ein deutsches Requiem, for Robert Schumann
Fishburn and Hughes : "The only composer to be mentioned in Borges's fictions.
A poem 'To Johannes Brahms' is included in the collection The Iron Coin ." (31)
Bramah, Ernest
British writer of detective fiction, 1868-1942, creator of Max Carrados
Parodi : "Ernest Bramah Smith (1868-1942), escritor inglés de quien Borges escribió una “Biografía sintética” en 1938, en la que señala: “Los libros de Bramah pertenecen a dos categorías, de carácter muy desigual. Algunos, felizmente los menos, historian las aventuras del ‘detective’ ciego Max Carrados. Son libros competentes y mediocres. Los otros son de naturaleza paródica: fingen ser traducciones del chino […]. Sus nombres: Las alforjas de Kai Lung (1900), Las horas áureas de Kai Lung (1922), Kai Lung desenrolla su estera (1928), El espejo de Kong Ho (1931), La luna de mucha alegría (1936). Traduzco un par de apotegmas: “El que aspira a cenar con el vampiro, debe aportar su carne”; “Una frugal fuente de olivas sazonadas con miel es preferible al más aparatoso pastel de lenguas de cachorro, traído en cofres milenarios de laca y servido a otras personas.” ( Textos cautivos 343). Las seis series de Kai Lung se publicaron entre 1900 y 1940 y se destacan por la recreación paródica del chino mandarín, percibido entonces en occidente como un habla exageradamente cortés, florida, sentenciosa y efusiva. Para Max Carrados, cf. también “Palabra” §14" (132).
Brancato
company
Parodi : "una empresa creada en 1924 por el bioquímico José Antonio Brancato, dedicada a la producción del primer fijador de cabello, la Gomina Brancato, que permitía un peinado impecable y brillante, como el que lucía Carlos Gardel (cf. “Enfoque” § 2), el más famoso de los cantores en la historia del tango. La empresa Brancato cerró en 1965" (49).
Brandán Caraffa, Alfredo
Argentine lawyer and poet, 1898-1989, one of the editors of Proa
Brandán, San
St. Brendan, Irish saint and traveller, c. 484-c. 578, hero of the Navigatio Sancti Brendani
Brandão, Antonio
Portuguese friar and writer, 1584-1637
Brandão, Raul
Portuguese novelist, 1867-1930, author of Os pobres, 1906
Brandimarte
Bradamante, character in Ariosto's Orlando Furioso
Braque, Georges
French painter, 1882-1963
Brasil
Brazil
Brasil
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes : "An avenue in the district of Constitución." (32)
Brasol, Boris
Russian-American lawyer and literary critic, 1885-1963, author of books on Wilde, Dostoievski and others
Brave New World (1932)
Fishburn and Hughes : "A dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley. The title comes from Shakespeare's Tempest (V:i: 183): 'O brave new world / that has such people in it!'" (32)
Brawne, Fanny
Keats's neighbor and fiancée, 1800-1865
Brazilian Mystic, A
Cunninghame Graham book on Antonio Conselheiro and the Canudos uprising, 1925
Brecht, Bertholt
German poet, playwright and theatre director, 1898-1956
Bred in the Bone
Phillpotts, 1932
Brehier, Emile
French philosopher, 1876-1952, author of an Histoire de la philosophie
Breitinger, Johann Jakob
Swiss critic, 1701-1776
Bremen
city in Germany
Brémond, Henri
French priest, historian and critic, 1865-1933, author of Histoire littéraire du sentiment religieux en France, Prière et poesie, La Poesie pure and other works
Parodi : "Henri Brémond (1865-1933) sacerdote, historiador y crítico literario francés, autor, entre otras obras, de La Poésie pure , 1926, en la que equipara la poesía a un estado místico" (283).
Breno
Brennus, leader of the Gauls who invaded Italy and sacked Rome in 390 B.C.
Brenta, el
river in northern Italy, site of battles in the First World War
Brentford
Town in West London, England.
Breslau
German name of Wroclaw, city in Poland
Fishburn and Hughes : "The German name of Wroclaw, a city in Polish Silesia, which belonged to Germany until 1945.
Jews have lived in and been expelled from Breslau many times since 1203. At the end of the eighteenth century they gained a foothold in the city, and Breslau was the home of many distinguished Jewish scholars. In 1939 the Jews numbered 10,309; from 1941 they were deported to concentration camps and only a few hundred survived." (32)
Breslauer
name of shopkeeper in Borges story
Brest-Litovsk
now Brest in Belarus, site of a peace treaty in 1918
Brest-Livotsk: The Forgotten Peace
Wheeler-Bennett, 1938
Bret Harte. See Harte, Francis Bret
Breta Sogur
sagas about Wales, based on Geoffrey of Monmouth's chronicle
Bretaña
Brittany or Bretagne, region of France
Bretland
old Norse name for Wales
Breton, André
French surrealist, 1896-1966
Breve examen del idioma analitico de John Wilkins
Ferri work, no doubt based on Borges essay "El idioma analitico de John Wilkins"
Breve historia de la literatura inglesa. See Short History of English Literature
Breve historia del modernismo
Max Henríquez Ureña, 1954
Breve santoral
Silvina Ocampo book of poems, 1985
Breviloquium
St. Bonaventura theological work, 13th century
Brewster, Earl Henry
author of The Life of Gotama the Buddha, 1926
Brezina, Otokar
Pseudonym of Vaclav Jebavy, Czech writer, 1868-1929
Bric-a-Brac
Nierenstein Souza anthology, published posthumously by a group of his friends, 1942
Parodi : "la supuesta miscelánea de Souza, publicada hacia 1942, lleva por título un término en francés que equivale a ‘baratillo’, una tienda de objetos de poco precio" (262).
Bridge of San Luis Rey, The
Wilder novel, 1927
Bridge-Builders, The
Kipling poem, 1893
Bridges, Robert
English poet, critic and physician, 1844-1930
Brief History of Moscovia, A
Milton, published posthumously in 1682
Brief History of Nightmares, A
Work, 1899, attributed in the Antología de la literatura fantástica to I. A. Ireland.
Brierre, Jean-François
Haitian poet, playwright and ambassador of Argentina, 1909-1992
Brigham Young
M. R. Werner, 1925.
Bright Islands, The
Padraic Colum book on Hawaii
Brighton
city in southern England
Fishburn and Hughes : "A middle-class seaside resort in Sussex, fashionable in the early nineteenth century under the patronage of the Prince Regent, later George IV, who built its ornate Royal Pavilion." (32)
Brighton Rock
Graham Green novel, 1938
Briján
“Saber más que Briján”: to be knowledgeable or wise, or especially clever. Some people believe that Briján is an Arabian deserter who used to make his own war in the period of the Spanish Reconquest . (Mentioned in Suárez Lynch novella.)
Parodi : "“que no se mostraran más azogados si el mismo Briján fuera a edificarles”: la expresión ‘saber más que Briján’ equivale a tener gran sabiduría; posiblemente alude a algún personaje histórico o legendario, de saber muy admirado por el pueblo; existen variantes del dicho. Al tal Briján se lo ha identificado con un desertor árabe que hacía la guerra por su cuenta en los tiempos de la Reconquista; también con un Briján al que se atribuyen poderes mágicos en algunas leyendas medievales" (230).
Brindisi
city in southern Italy
Brisas de Fray Bentos
Nierenstein Souza
Brissac, Tonio
character in Bustos Domecq stories
Bristol
city in western England
Bristol, Playa
beach in Mar del Plata
Britania
Britannia, Roman name for British Isles
Fishburn and Hughes : "The name, probably of Iberian or Gallic origin, of the ancient Roman province of Britain. Christianity probably did not reach Britain before the middle of the third century.
The Theologians: No mention has been found of a diocese of Britain during the sixth century. Reference to the inversion of crucifixes, though fictitious, may be an oblique allusion to the doctrine of the British lay monk Pelagius who in the fifth century questioned original sin and was charged with heresy. His followers developed his theories, denying that Christ had to die for human redemption or act as an intermediary between man and his salvation.
Guayaquil: La matière de Bretagne, refers to one of the three great cycles of medieval literature, the other two being The Matter of Rome and of France. The legend of King Arthur and the Round Table is the best known of these.
These traditional tales are linked to the legendary history of Brittain." (33)
Británicas, Islas
British Isles
British Council (Consejo Británico)
Fishburn and Hughes : "An independent organisation founded in 1934, with a royal charter, for the promotion of British culture. It now operates in eighty countries." (33)
British Museum
major museum in London
Brito, fray Bernardo de
portuguese pastor and historian, 1569-1617
Brixton
neighborhood in south London
Broackway
solecism for Broadway in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi : "“que hiciera pasto de las llamas al Broackway”: con léxico periodístico, el narrador alude a la intención de quemar el ómnibus, en este caso de la marca Broackway, una fábrica estadounidense de ómnibus y camiones desde 1912" (368).
Broadway
street in New York City
Broadway Melody, The
Beaumont film, 1929
Brobdingnag
imaginary land of giants in the second book of Gulliver's Travels
Broch, Hermann
Austrian writer, 1886-1951, author of Der Tod des Virgil
Brock, Lynn
pseud. of Alister McAlister, irish writer, 1877-1943, author of The Two of Diamonds, 1926, and other detective stories
Brockhaus, Friedrich Arnold
German publisher and editor, 1772-1823, editor of the Konversations-Lexikon and of literary periodicals
Brod, Max
Austrian-Israeli writer, 1884-1968, friend and editor of Kafka
Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist
US scholar of medieval English and Germanic literatures, 1888-1971, translator of Snorri Sturluson
Brodie, David
character in Borges story
Fishburn and Hughes : "The fictional Scottish Protestant missionary who visits the Yahoos. Brodie has associations not only with Swift, but with the Spanish Dominican missionary Bartolomé de las Casas (1474-1566). Brodie's appeal to the generosity of his king not to ignore the destiny of that 'barbarous nation' resembles Las Casas's plea to Charles V to stop his Spanish subjects exploiting the Indians. Borges alludes elsewhere to this incident, commenting, ironically, on Las Casas's suggestion that the Indians 'languishing' in the 'hellish' gold mines of the Antilles be replaced by black slaves to 'languish' in the same mines (see Infamy 19)." (33)
Brodir
Viking warrior from the Isle of Man who conspired against king Brian of Ireland
Bromfield, Louis
US novelist, 1896-1956, author of Early Autumn, Mrs. Parkington and other works
Bromley
District of south east London
Bronce de Arezzo
Greek statue
Brontë, Charlotte
English novelist, 1816-1855, author of Jane Eyre
Brontë, Emily
British novelist, 1818-1848, author of Wuthering Heights
Bronx
northern borough of New York City
Brook Farm
Utopian community in Massachusetts, 1841-1847
Brook, Clive
English actor, 1887-1974, here mentioned for his role in Cavalcade
Brooke, Rupert
English poet, 1887-1915
Parodi : "“And see, no longer blinded by our eyes . Rupert Brooke”: Rupert Chawner Brooke (1887-1915) poeta británico célebre por sus sonetos sobre el tema de la guerra. La línea que sirve de epígrafe proviene de The South Seas , poemas escritos por Brooke en 1913, cuando viajó por América del Norte, Canadá y las islas del Pacífico sur. El soneto citado lleva por título “Sonnet (Suggested by some of the Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research)”; la mencionada sociedad inglesa fue creada en 1882 con el propósito de investigar científicamente fenómenos sobrenaturales, paranormales y ocultos; entre otras publicaciones, editaba los Proceedings que sugirieron el soneto a Brooke. A esta sociedad adhirieron también Alfred Lord Tennyson, Mark Twain, Lewis Carroll, Carl Jung, Arthur Conan Doyle, entre otros personajes destacados" (329-30).
Brooke, Stopford
English writer and divine, 1832-1916, author of a History of Early English Literature, English Literature from the Beginnings to the Norman Conquest and other works
Brooklyn
borough of New York City
Brooklyn Eagle
newspaper, 1841-1955, where Whitman worked from 1846 to 1848
Brooks, Van Wyck
US biographer and critic, 1886-1963, author of The Ordeal of Mark Twain, The Flowering of New England and other works
Brothers, The
Wells novel, 1938
Brouwer, L. E. J.
reference to the algebraic topology of this Dutch mathematician and philosopher, 1881-1966
Brown, Father
priest and detective, character in Chesterton stories
Parodi : "el nombre del personaje coincide con el del famoso detective creado por el escritor inglés Gilbert K. Chesterton (1874−1936), protagonista de unas cincuenta narraciones policiales reunidas en cinco volúmenes: The Innocence of Father Brown (1911), The Wisdom of Father Brown (1914), The Incredulity of Father Brown (1926), The Secret of Father Brown (1927) y The Scandal of Father Brown (1935). Chesterton, uno de los autores de policiales elogiado por Borges, publicó también poemas, ensayos, ficciones y biografías. Cf. también Modelo iii §19" (57).
Brown, John
US abolitionist leader, 1800-59
Brown, John
US literary scholar, 1830-1922, author of The Pilgrim Fathers and Their Puritan Successors
Brown, Padre
character in Bustos Domecq and Suarez Lynch stories who stole his identity from Chesterton
Brown, Pinkie
character in Greene's Brighton Rock
Brown, William
Irish-born creator of the Argentine Navy, 1777-1857, admiral in Independence War, the Argentine-Brazil war and the Guerra Grande in Uruguay
Browne, Edward G.
British Orientalist, 1862-1926, author of a Literary History of Persia, 1902-1906
Browne, Edward Granville
British scholar of Persia, 1862-1926
Browne, Thomas
English writer and physician, 1605-1682, author of Urn Burial, Religio Medici and other works
Fishburn and Hughes : "An English author and physician. Browne was a student of Platonism, the belief that the world is the imperfect reflection of a perfect system in which all things have a purpose and are worthy of observation. His style abounds in quaint expressions, latinate words and neologisms. His Religio Medici , the expression of a mind at once credulous and sceptical, was regarded by his contemporaries as a bundle of contradictions, and it was put on the Papal Index.
Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius: Borges was the first to translate extracts from Browne’s work into Spanish. A chapter from Urn Burial, translated by Borges and Bioy, was published in Sur, No 111, 1944 .
The idiosyncratic quality of Browne's writing is clearly revealed in Urn Burial , considered the most imaginative and elegant of his books.
The Theologians: the remark about the Histrionic gospels must surely be apocryphal." (33)
Parodi : "“el doctor T. Browne dijo que la naturaleza es el arte de Dios”: Sir Thomas Browne, médico y escritor inglés (1605-1682), autor, entre otras obras, de Urn Burial (1658) y Religio Medici (1642). De esta última obra proviene la cita con que Bustos Domecq cierra su crónica: “ In brief, all things are artificial; for Nature is the Art of God ” (Parte I, Sección XVI)" (272).
Brownies
creatures in Stevenson's dreams, discussed in A Chapter on Dreams
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett
English poet, 1806-61
Browning, Robert
English poet, 1812-89, author of The Ring and the Book and numerous other poems
Fishburn and Hughes : "An English poet and dramatist who dwells on the personality and problems of man, upholding spiritual values and human conduct based on the committed pursuit of an ideal. Browning's most famous work, considered by Borges his greatest, is The Ring and the Book , which was published in four volumes between 1868 and 1869. It describes the events of a seventeenth- century murder trial in Rome.
Though the assertion that Fergus Kilpatrick's name illustrates Browning's verses cannot be confirmed, Browning was interested in themes related to patriotism, especially in his early work (e.g. 'The Italian in England' and 'The Patriot'). He was also interested in the psychology and redeeming features of wicked men (e.g. Mr. Sludge the Medium , discussed by G.K.Chesterton in his Robert Browning , which may have been known to Borges). In Browning's works the passage that may be most relevant to the story of Fergus Kilpatrick is the end of Sordello (1840). Sordello, who has been a supporter of the progressive party, the Guelphs, is offered the leadership of the repressive party, the Ghibellines. He eventually rejects the offer and dies of his own conflicting feelings." (33-34)
Bruder und Schwester
Leonhard Frank, 1929
Brueghel, Pieter
Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Flemish Renaissance painter and printmaker, c. 1525-1569
Bruges
city in Belgium
Bruges la Morte
Parodi : " “el tenebrarium de marras está aún muy lejos de codearse con sus hermanos mayores de Amsterdam, de Basilea, de París, de Denver (Colorado) y de Bruges la Morte.”: en la enumeración de ciudades que supuestamente cuentan con un tenebrarium , Bustos menciona en último lugar a Bruges - la - Morte , título de una novela del escritor simbolista belga Georges Rodenbach (1855 - 1898), publicada en 1892, en la que desempeña un papel central la ciudad flamenca de Brujas (en francés, Bruges). En la crónica, el término tenebrarium no se relaciona con el candelabro ceremonial de la Semana Santa sino con la idea de cenáculo literario y gastronómico, ya sea un conventículo simbolista, el cabinet bibliographique de Burdeos, el Café Procope o el cubil Les Cinq Saveurs ” "(281).
Brughetti, Romualdo
Argentine art critic, 1912-2003
Bruhl, Carl
Austrian zoologist and anatomist
Brujas
the witches in Macbeth, see Weird Sisters
Brujo postergado, el
One of the fables from Don Juan Manuel's Libro de los enxiemplos del Conde Lucanor et de Patronio .
Brull, Mariano
Cuban poet, 1891-1956, in the first reference here used as the name of a cigar
Parodi : "un habano cubano de una supuesta marca que lleva el nombre del poeta simbolista cubano Mariano Brull (1891-1956)" (186).
Brunanburh
Old English ballad included in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 937
Brunanburh
Tennyson translation
Brunanburh
site of battle in 937 between Aethelstan and the Northmen
Brunhild
character in the Nibelungenlied, sometimes spelled Brynhild
Bruno, Giordano
Italian writer and philosopher, 1548-1600, burnt as a heretic, author of De la Causa, Cena de le Ceneri, De l'Infinito and other works
Brunschvicg, Leon
French philosopher, 1869-1944, author of numerous works and editor of Pascal
Brunswick
Braunschweig, region in Germany
Bruselas
Brussels, capital of Belgium
Brut
Layomon's history of Britain
Bruto
Marcus Junius Brutus, Roman nobleman, c.78-42 B. C., one of the conspirators against Julius Caesar
Bryan, William Jennings
US politician, 1860-1925
Brynhild
H. G. Wells novel
Bube. See Fingermann
Buber, Martin
German-Jewish philosopher, 1878-1965, author of numerous philosophical works, of the novel Gog und Magog, and collector and translator of the tales of the Hasidim
Fishburn and Hughes : "A German philosopher, Zionist and translator of the bible, author of an extensive study of the sect of the Hasidim. When his programme to propagate Jewish culture and organise educational courses for Jews was stopped by the Nazis, Buber took refuge in Palestine, where he worked once more in adult education and advocated communal living in kibbutzim.
In his famous work I and Thou (1937) Buber used the word 'pathetic' (translated as 'with cosmic pathos') to describe the experience of man awakening to the realisation of his alienation in the dual system of a world in which there are only two partners: man and what confronts him. It was perhaps in this sense that early Zionist leaders, of whom Buber was one, declared that the Jews would remain a 'pathetic people' until they had a homeland of their own." (34)
Bucarelli
street in Buenos Aires
Parodi : "una calle de Villa Urquiza" (50).
Bucchieri, Vicente
Argentine writer and editor of Tango magazine El Alma que Canta.
Buch der Bilder, Das
Rilke book of poems, 1902
Buch der Lieder
Heine, 1827
Buchan, John
English writer, 1875-1940, author of The Thirty-Nine Steps and other works
Buchanan, Daisy
character in Fitzgerald's Great Gatsby
Buchanan, Tom
character in Fitzgerald's Great Gatsby
Büchner, Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig
German physician and philosopher, 1824-1899, author of Kraft und Stoff and other works
Buck, Pearl
Buckley, Ezra
character in Borges story
Buckley, Silas
alias of Lazarus Morell in Borges story
Buckley, Theodore Alois
translator of Homer, 1825-56
Budapest
capital of Hungary
Buddha and his Path to Self-Enlightenment
Fussell, 1955
Buddha de Nara
Nara Daibutsu, large statue of Buddha, 752 AD
Buddha or Buda
here used to refer mostly to Gautama Buddha, c. 568-c. 488
Buddha's Law Among the Birds, The
Conze, 1955
Buddha: Sein Leben, seine Lehre, seine Gemeinde
Oldenberg, 1946
Buddhacarita
epic poem about the Buddha attributed to Asvaghosha
Buddhism
Humphreys, 1951
Buddhism, Its Essence and Development
Conze, 1951
Buddhismus nach alteren Pali-Werken, Der
Hardy
Budismo
Fishburn and Hughes : "A philosophical/religious system founded by Siddharta, or Gautama, known as the Buddha, and practised through most of South Asia. The essence of Buddhism, enunciated in the 'Four Truths', involves a process of purification, which is the result of progressive detachment from sensual desire, intellectual activity, emotional involvement and, finally, any sense of satisfaction or even serenity. This process, achieved over the course of multiple lives through reincarnations ('Samsara'), leads to supreme indifference, and then to a stage in which even the activity of contemplation is transcended. A total nullification ('Karma') of the traces of the life cycles, which do not end with individual deaths, is achieved. Perfect enlightment follows, leading to supernatural consciousness and, finally, the indescribable condition of 'Nirvana'. The Garden of Forking Paths: Stephen Albert's composure and his imperturbable acceptance of death can be seen as manifestations of a Buddhist attitude to existence. The Cult of the Phoenix: concerning the different names of Buddhist monks, members of some of the many schools of Buddhism do take a new name once they enter 'refuge' and, at various stages of their spiritual life, adopt new names according to the degree of enlightment they have achieved. The 'refuge' names are normally composite, such as 'Ocean of Teaching' or 'Glorious Banner' etc." (34)
Budismo nihilista
Fatone, 1962
Buen Ladrón
the Good Thief crucified with Jesus, who repented at the last
Buen Orden
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes : "The old name of the street Bernardo de Yrigoyen." (34-35)
Buen Orden, cine. See Select Buen Orden
Buenaventura, San
St. Bonaventura, Franciscan theologian, 1221-1274, author of the Breviloquium, Itinerarium Mentis ad Deum, De Reductione Artium ad Theologiam and other works
Buenos Aires
capital city of Argentina
Fishburn and Hughes : "Buenos Aires originated in 1536 as a small settlement near the mouth of a meandering stream now known as Riachuelo. Attacked by belligerent Indian tribes, the settlement was too weak to last. In 1580 Juan de Garay sailed down the river Paraná from Asunción with greater resources and established another settlement, north of the original, around the area of today's Plaza de Mayo (see Plaza Victoria). A church, whose foundations lie beneath the present cathedral, a municipal chamber or cabildo and a jail were built, and the city was expanded in the form of a grid of squares, or manzanas , surrounding the central square. The Crown of Castile's purpose in encouraging this settlement in an area devoid of silver was to control the mouth of the estuary: its rivers provided the easiest route between the rich mining areas of the north and a port on the Atlantic and hence to Spain. Even after the silver mines became exhausted, the city grew in importance. The port proved convenient for the reception of European goods, and the fertile surrounding lands of the pampas were ideally suited for the export of agricultural products. Attention was focused on Buenos Aires, not only by Spain, but by other expansionist European countries, particularly England, and it attracted one of the largest immigrations of the nineteenth century. At first most of the population lived in the south. The patrician families inhabitated the area surrounding Plaza de Mayo, in Barrio Sur and San Telmo, and the poor lived in primitive tenement buildings, or conventillos , nearby and by the river mouth in unsanitary areas such as Bajo, Barracas and Boca. This was the old, colonial Buenos Aires which Borges often recalls. It was not, however, the Buenos Aires into which he was born. By 1899, the year of his birth, the thrust of the city had developed northwards, away from floods and epidemics, to higher terrain. Borges was born, as he says, 'in the very heart of the city', in Barrio Norte, but his family soon moved to Palermo, where the 'shabby but genteel' lived cheek by jowl with the seedier elements of the population, the compadritos or hoodlums of so many of Borges's stories. In addition to Palermo, northern Buenos Aires is divided into the following sections, all of which are mentioned by Borges. Barrio Norte, the wealthiest part, contains the palatial homes of the landed and commercial oligarchy. In its ostentation and cosmopolitanism it contrasts with the older, more patrician and restrained Barrio Sur, now decayed and dilapidated. The area near the port, on the northern side, was known for its brothels and drinking bars. It extended as far as the Maldonado, a small stream dividing the city from its outskirts, a rough area in which many of the stories in Doctor Brodie's Report are set. Beyond the Maldonado is Belgrano, also a mixed area, with some rough enclaves, but mainly cosmopolitan, professional and suburban. West of the centre are the districts of Plaza del Once and Villa Crespo, which became small commercial business centres, bustling with immigrants. Further out are the lower-middle- class areas of Flores and Floresta. For the historical development of Buenos Aires in relation to the rest of the country, see Federalism and Unitarianism. Borges's attachment to Buenos Aires is deep-rooted. He left the city in 1914 and spent the war years in Europe. When he returned it became an inspiration for his work, particularly his poetry. 'It was more than a homecoming; it was a rediscovery,' he wrote in 'Autobiographical Essay'. Works such as Fervor de Buenos Aires , his first poetry collection, themonograph dedicated to the porteño poet Evaristo Carriego and the many stories set in Buenos Aires recalling either the city of his youth or the city's legendary past bear witness to Borges's nostalgia." (35)
Buenos Aires
Argentine province, whose capital is La Plata
Buenos Aires
street in Montevideo
Buenos Aires
Osvaldo Rossler poems with prologue by Borges
Buenos Aires desde setenta años atrás
Book written by José Antonio Wilde
Buenos Aires desde su fundación hasta nuestros días
Manuel Bilbao book, 1903
Buenos Aires en tinta china
Attilio Rossi book of drawings, 1951
Buenos Aires, Universidad de
Buey, El
Silva Valdés poem in Poemas nativos
Bufano
perhaps a reference to the Argentine poet Alfredo R. Bufano, 1895-1950
Parodi : "si bien Bufano podría interpretarse como un apellido (se ha propuesto una posible alusión al poeta argentino Alfredo R. Bufano, 1895-1950 o al del escultor estadounidense Beniamino Bufano 1890?-1970), el contexto incita a considerar la posibilidad de que podría tratarse de una errata por ‘búfano’, un término ya caído en desuso, con el significado de ‘búfalo’" (188).
Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc
French naturalist, 1707-88, author of an Histoire naturelle in 44 vols.
Parodi : "Georges-Louis Leclerc Buffon (1707-1788), naturalista, botánico y geólogo francés, autor de Historia natural, general y particular , en 44 volúmenes (1749-1778)" (277).
Bugard
minor character in Bustos Domecq story
Bugatti
Parodi : "“automóvil marca Bugatti”: un auto producido en 1909 por la fábrica fundada por el italiano Ettore Bugatti, constructor de automóviles lujosos apreciados por su diseño y alto rendimiento" (328).
Buhara
Bukhara, city in Uzbekistan
Buitrago
priest, friend of Zuñiga
Bulaq
Cairo neighborhood
Fishburn and Hughes : "Once a suburb of Cairo, now part of the city, renowned for its museum of Egyptology.
An Arabic edition of The Thousand and One Nights published in 1835, known as the Bulaq edition, became the source of most subsequent version of the Nights ." (35-36)
Bulgaria
country
Bull Weed
gangster character in Stenberg's Underworld, 1927
Bull's Eye
Milward Kennedy, 1933.
Bull, John
symbol of Englishman and of England
Bullrich, Clara
Argentine artist
Bullrich, Silvina
Argentine novelist, short-story writer, essayist and journalist, 1915-90, collaborated with Borges on anthology El compadrito
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward
English writer and politician, 1803-1873, known for his florid writing, author among many other titles of The Last Days of Pompeii, 1834
Fishburn and Hughes : "An English novelist, author of The Last Days of Pompeii , whose work reflects the influence of Byron and the Gothic novel. Bulwer Lytton's grandiloquent style and exaggerated characters were mercilessly attacked by some of his contemporaries and his reputation has declined considerably in the course of the twentieth century." (36)
Bundahishn
Pahlawi religious work of the 9th century, the title of which means "The Ground-giving," a manual of religious knowledge
Bunge, Carlos Octavio
Argentine novelist, playwright, critic, lawyer, businessman and educator, 1875-1918
Bunge, Margarita
Argentine writer, 1913-1991, author of Fisonomías de la muerte and other works
Bunter, Alfred
character in Wells's Brynhild
Bunyan, John
English writer and preacher, 1628-1688, author of Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, The Pilgrim's Progress and other works
Buonconte da Montefeltro
Ghibelline leader, d. 1289, character in Dante's Purgatorio
Buque, El
Francisco Luis Bernárdez, 1950
Burak
beast which sped Mohammed from Mecca to Jerusalem to heaven in a single night
Buratti
owner of a granary
Parodi : "“depósito de forrajes Buratti, cuando no en el criadero de aves Reynoso”: dos supuestos comercios de Burzaco" (162).
Burbage, Richard
English actor and theater owner, 1586-1619
Burckhardt, George Edward
German scholar, author of Gilgamesch, eine Erzählung aus dem alten Orient, 1920
Burdeos
Bordeaux, city in France
Bürger, Die
Leonhard Frank novel, 1924
Burger, Gottfried August
German poet and novelist, 1747-1794, author of Munchhausen and other works
Burgos
city in northern Spain
Burgos, Juliana
character in Borges story
Buried Alive
Bennett, 1908
Burke, Thomas
British writer, 1886-1945
Burlington
city in New Jersey
Burma: see Birmania
Burne-Jones, Edward
English painter and designer, 1833-98, associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
Burnet, John
classical scholar, 1863-1928, editor of Heraclitus
Burning Daylight
Jack London, 1910.
Burnouf, Eugene
French Orientalist scholar, 1801-52
Burns, Kit
a gangster in New York who bit off the heads of rats
Burns, Robert
Scottish poet, 1759-96
Burns, Walter Noble
US writer and journalist, author of The Saga of Billy the Kid, 1926, and numerous other works
Burriana
Parodi : "“queso de Cabrales , de Burriana, de pata de mulo”: tres quesos regionales españoles que se elaboran con leche de cabra y de oveja en Asturias, en Valencia y en Castilla - León" (229).
Burro de Maruf y otros ensayos, El
Cancela, 1925.
Burroughs, Edgar Rice
US writer, 1875-1950, author of Tarzan books and many others
Burton, Isabel Arundell, Lady
Richard Burton's wife and biographer, 1831-1896
Burton, Richard
British traveler, diplomat, writer and translator, 1821-1890, author of The Pilgrimage to Al-Medinah and Meccah, Goa and the Blue Mountains, The Highlands of the Brazil, Letters from the Battle-Fields of Paraguay, Ultima Thule, The Book of the Sword and countless other works, as well as translations of Camoes and of the Arabian Nights
Fishburn and Hughes : "An eminent British scholar and explorer who, disguised as a Muslim, was the first European to penetrate the secret cities of Mecca and Medina. Burton was a man of many parts: poet, ethnologist, linguist and translator of Arabian erotica. His version of the Thousand and One Nights remains unsurpassed. Borges discusses it at some length in his essay on the translators, summarising Burton's aims as: (a) to increase his reputation as an Arabist, (b) to improve on Lane's translation, which he regarded as prosaic and bland and which he 'corrected' by expanding the erotic incidents, and (c) to interest nineteenth-century British gentlemen in Arab letters of the thirteenth century. According to Borges the last aim was incompatible with the first, given the directness of the original text and the scepticism and scholarly preferences of contemporary readership, but Burton overcame this not only by swelling the text with idiosyncratic notes, but by falsifying it with the 'richness of his English' ( Etern . 108-19).
The Aleph: Burton's diplomatic career took him in 1864 to Santos, where he spent four years as Consul and wrote a book on the highlands of Brazil. The manuscript mentioned regarding Alexander’s mirror is fictitious. See Parliament of Birds ." (36)
Parodi :" “ Las Mil y Una Noches de Burton”: Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821-1890) el erudito, diplomático, viajero, escritor y orientalista inglés, fue además el primer traductor al inglés de la colección de narraciones orales árabes, recopiladas hacia 899 y traducidas en 1704 al francés por Antoine Galland (1646-1715). La traducción de Burton, de 1885, lleva por título The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night . Entre los muchos libros que Burton tradujo, en la obra de Bustos Domecq se mencionan El jardín perfumado y el Kama-Sutra y/o Ananga-Ranga (cf. “Signo” §11). Burton tradujo además Os Lusíadas , obra del poeta portugués Luis de Camoes (1524-1580). Fue asimismo autor de Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah (1855), The Highlands of the Brazil (1869), Letters from the Battle-Fields of Paraguay (1870), Ultima Thule (1872), The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night (1886-1888), entre muchos otros títulos. La obra original de Burton y sus traducciones son mencionadas y comentadas en varias ocasiones en la obra personal de Borges" (265).
Burton, Robert
English scholar and writer, 1577-1640, author of The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burwash
Kipling's home in Sussex
Burzaco
town south of Buenos Aires near Almirante Brown and Temperley
Parodi : 1)" ciudad del Gran Buenos Aires ubicada a 25 km al sur de la Capital; es estación del ferrocarril Roca, con cabecera de línea en Constitución. Hacia la época de publicación de “Signo”, Burzaco era una zona escasamente poblada, con amplios espacios sin edificar, lindantes con el campo. ‘Burzaco’ es mencionada también en “Hijo” i §3; “Bonavena” §15; “Aporte” §1" (152).
2) "una ciudad del sur del Gran Buenos Aires; cf. “Signo” §3" (383).
Busca de Averroes, La
Borges story, 1947
Busca de Tai An, La
supposed film based on Bustos Domecq story "La prolongada busca de Tai An"
Busch, Wilhelm
Buscón, Historia de la vida del
Quevedo picaresque novel, written 1603-08, published in 1626
Busto, El
Peyrou’s short story.
Bustos Domecq, Honorio
Pseudonym of Borges and Bioy Casares, Argentine writer, b. 1893, author of Seis problemas para don Isidro Parodi , Dos fantasías memorables , Nuevos cuentos de Bustos Domecq , perhaps only comparable at his worst to his disciple B. Suárez Lynch
Parodi : 1) "La vida y obra de Honorio Bustos Domecq, el autor ficticio creado por Borges y Bioy Casares en 1942, y las variadas actividades y facetas de su personalidad pueden reconstruirse a partir de testimonios aportados por Bustos, por su supuesto discípulo B. Suárez Lynch y por las voces de sus creaturas. Cronológicamente, los primeros testimonios son el de Adelma Badoglio, encargada de la presentación de la vida de Bustos desde 1893 hasta 1942, y el prólogo a Seis problemas para don Isidro Parodi , la “Palabra liminar” escrita en 1942 por otro personaje ficticio, Gervasio Montenegro, quien, en 1966, prologa también las Crónicas de Bustos Domecq , publicadas un año después. Por su parte, tanto en las Crónicas como en los ulteriores Nuevos cuentos de Bustos Domecq , Bustos no se limita a la crónica y la narración, sino que con frecuencia incluye referencias a experiencias personales. Estos textos en los que Bustos es autor, narrador y personaje, proporcionan datos que permiten ir dando cuerpo a su biografía ficticia, identificando sus preferencias y rechazos artísticos, sus múltiples actividades dentro y fuera de la profesión, su relación con otros escritores, su vida privada, los textos que integrarían su obra. Si bien según los diversos testimonios la lista de los escritos de Bustos contaría con más de veinte títulos, la obra real de Bustos se reduce a los Seis problemas para Isidro Parodi , su primera incursión en el género policial, al que siguieron Dos fantasías memorables (1946), Crónicas de Bustos Domecq (1967) y Nuevos cuentos de Bustos Domecq (1977). De 1946 data la edición del prólogo que Bustos escribió para Un modelo para la muerte , de su discípulo B. Suárez Lynch, y en la edición de Nuevos cuentos se incorporó al volumen un texto, “El enemigo número 1 de la censura”, fechado en noviembre de 1971, que Bustos declara haber escrito como prólogo a la Primera Antología Abierta de la Literatura Nacional , obra inconclusa de Ernesto Gomensoro, que nunca llegó a editarse. Según el testimonio de Adelma Badoglio, hasta 1942, la labor literaria de Bustos constaría de quince obras, en verso y prosa, de las que sólo se conocen los títulos: Vanitas ; Los Adelantos del Progreso ; La Patria Azul y Blanca ; A Ella ; Nocturnos ; Oda a la “Elegía a la muerte de su padre” ; ¡Ciudadano! ; Fata Morgana ; ¡Hablemos con más propiedad! ; Entre libros y papeles ; ¡Ya sé leer! ; El Congreso Eucarístico: órgano de la propaganda argentina ; Vida y muerte de don Chicho Grande ; El aporte santafecino a los Ejércitos de la Independencia y Astros nuevos: Azorín, Gabriel Miró, Bontempelli . En las Crónicas se mencionan otras obras menores de Bustos, nunca editadas: una nota sobre una exposición de escultura publicada en 1929 en la Revue de l’Amerique Latine ; un “llamado al orden” sobre una obra del crítico Hilario Lambkin Formento, en 1936; en 1945, Bustos declara estar preparando unos bocetos biográficos de un presidente de Brasil y en 1967 anuncia haber escrito un prólogo a la proyectada edición de la obra del poeta Vilaseco. En diversas ocasiones Bustos concibe tareas de edición, a menudo frustradas: sus tareas editoriales habrían comenzado en 1931 como corrector de las pruebas de Tal vez , el “ opus máximo” de Federico Juan Carlos Loomis; además de la mencionada e incompleta Antología de Gomensoro, se declara su intención de publicar el manuscrito de Hágase hizo , novela de Tulio Herrera y las notas marginales de Loomis a la Historia de las filosofías y religiones de Gregorovius; se esforzó en la edición de los manuscritos de Nierenstein Souza y la compilación de la miscelánea póstuma Bric−à−brac dedicada a ese autor. Entre las actividades vinculadas con la vida literaria, cabe mencionar su asidua asistencia a las veladas realizadas en casa de Loomis y, sobre todo, su labor como reportero de artes y letras para el Suplemento Literario de Última Hora , periódico en el que colaboró por más de treinta años. En varias ocasiones, Bustos no desdeñó combinar la escritura de cuentos o crónicas con la redacción de avisos publicitarios en los que insta a sus lectores a la compra de sus propios libros o de algún producto comercial. Tampoco desdeñó matizar su actividad de escritor, editor y periodista con diversos proyectos no del todo lícitos, pero sí casi siempre vinculados con figuras del ambiente artístico y literario de su época; algunas de estas empresas aspiran a la obtención de grandes ganancias; otras, al beneficio módico pero que apunta a aliviar sus persistentes penurias económicas. Cobrar por adelantado suscripciones para la edición de obras que no llegarán a publicarse; hacerse cargo de la tesorería y del dinero de supuestas sociedades benéficas; oficiar de curador de un museo al que despoja de algunas obras; alzarse con la recaudación de la taquilla en una exposición artística, son algunas de las actividades más o menos culturales emprendidas por Bustos, rayanas con la estafa o el embuste. Sólo en una ocasión se menciona que estuvo comprometido en un caso de plagio, al publicar una obra entera de otro autor. También ocupó cargos públicos: fue Inspector de enseñanza y luego Defensor de pobres en la ciudad de Rosario. Poco revela su obra sobre su vida privada. Aunque desde 1907 se instaló con su familia en Rosario, sabemos que su apego por Pujato, su pueblo natal, perduró durante toda su vida; si bien más tarde sus actividades profesionales lo conectaron con el ambiente literario porteño, Pujato siguió siendo el sitio preferido para retirarse a escribir gran parte de sus primeros cuentos, de las Crónicas y de los Nuevos cuentos . En Buenos Aires, Bustos parece no haber tenido una residencia fija: en varias ocasiones menciona su “domicilio de la calle Pozos”, pero también parece haber vivido en los suburbios, aunque no en barrios distinguidos. En varias ocasiones, se ve obligado a ocultarse en El Nuevo Imparcial , un hotel del barrio del Once que no sólo le brinda refugio sino también material para sus cuentos. Bustos es parco en lo que atañe a su vida privada, pero en dos oportunidades menciona que es un hombre casado y que vive con su mujer" (13-15).
2) "aunque nada en la biografía de Bustos sugiere que haya cursado estudios superiores, Badoglio le concede el grado de “doctor”" (15).
3) "“Bicho Feo”: el apodo de Bustos, de uso común en el ámbito familiar y popular, incluye el argentinismo ‘bicho’, que se aplica a cualquier animal extraño o poco común, insecto, ave, reptil, etc.; aplicado a personas suele tener un sentido peyorativo. Esta es la primera ocasión en que Bustos contribuye con una nota al pie, en este caso, de un texto escrito por otro; en otras ocasiones, aporta notas a sus propios textos, ya sea con la intención de aclarar, ampliar o añadir algún dato, de definir el significado de alguna palabra, de corroborar la veracidad de lo que afirma alguno de sus personajes, de elogiar sus propios méritos, de corregir una errata, de litigar con el prologuista y denunciarlo, de promocionar sus propios libros u otros productos (cf. “Ojo” §6; “Vestuario II” §3; “Enemigo” §1). También los personajes de Bustos y de Suárez Lynch aportan notas al pie ya sea para asumir su propia defensa, para atacar a otro personaje, para explicar o detallar una escena, para añadir alguna información o corregir lo dicho por otro personaje o por Bustos. Contribuyen con notas Mariana Ruiz Villalba, Carlos Anglada, Gervasio Montenegro, José Formento, Mario Bonfanti, el joven Rabasco y el Nano Battafuoco. No faltan las notas aportadas por el editor y por los correctores de pruebas, ni tampoco las enviadas por individuos o instituciones, como es el caso de la nota remitida por el doctor Guillermo Occam y sobre una traducción realizada en forma conjunta por la Academia Francesa y la Real Academia Española" (22).
Bustos, Francisco
Borges's great-great-grandfather, whose name he used as a pseudonym in the original publication of Hombre de la esquina rosada
Bustos, Juan Bautista
Argentine caudillo, 1779-1830, fought in the independence wars and the civil wars of the 1820s, first governor of Cordoba
Butcher, Samuel Henry
British political figure and classical scholar, 1850-1910, known for his prose translations of Homer made with Andrew Lang
Buti, Francesco da
14th century commentator on Dante
Butler, Samuel
English poet, 1612-80, author of Hudibras
Butler, Samuel
English writer, 1835-1902, author of Erewhon, The Fair Haven and other works
Parodi : "escritor de la época victoriana, (1835-1902), autor de Erewhon , or Over the Range (1872) y su continuación, Erewhon Revisited ( 1901), entre otros títulos. Su novela en parte autobiográfica The Way of All Flesh , es un ataque satírico a la moral victoriana. Fue comenzada en 1870 pero deliberadamente publicada en forma póstuma en 1903. Sobre esta novela de Butler, cf. “Sangiácomo” ii §3. Su obra más célebre es Erewhon or Over the Range , una novela utópica publicada en forma anónima en 1872 e inspirada en las teorías evolucionistas de Darwin, en la que Butler satiriza la sociedad victoriana. Tres capítulos de Erewhon componen “The Book of the Machines” donde Butler expone la posibilidad de que, en su evolución y selección naturales, las máquinas pudieran desarrollar conciencia y dominar la tierra" (319).
Butrón
dog in Don Quixote
Buzzati, Dino
Italian writer and artist, 1906-72
Byron, George Gordon, Lord
English poet, 1788-1824, author of Beppo, Don Juan, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and other works
Parodi : "el poeta romántico inglés, autor de Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812−1918), Beppo (1817), Don Juan (1819−1824), entre muchas otras obras" (65).
Byron, the Last Journey
Nicolson study, 1924