Finder's Guide: O

Neapolitan song from 1898, lyrics by Giovanni Capurro and music by Eduardo di Capua

Parodi : O sole mio : canción napolitana publicada en 1898, con letra del periodista Giovanni Capurro y música de Eduardo Di Capua. Para fórmulas de juramento, cf. “Limardo” i §16.

US author and editor, compiler of various short story anthologies, 1890-1941

Irish writer, pseudonym of Brian O'Nolan, 1911-1966, author of At Swim-Two-Birds and The Third Policeman

Irish playwright, 1880-1964, author of Juno and the Paycock and The Plough and the Stars

character in Borges story, father of Ireneo Funes

Chicago gangster in the 1920s, brother of Myles O'Donnell

Irish novelist, 1896-1984, author of The Informer

Chilean independence leader, 1778-1842

US playwright, 1888-1953, author of The Great God Brown, Mourning Becomes Electra, Strange Interlude and other works

Irish writer, 1886-1953, author of science fiction work Land under England

pseud. of US short story writer William Sydney Porter, 1862-1910

neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois

character in Bret Harte story

river in western Siberia

Fishburn and Hughes : "A long river that crosses Siberia." (142)

street in Buenos Aires

Parodi : La calle Coronel Obarrio está ubicada en San Isidro, un partido de la provincia de Buenos Aires, al norte de la capital. Para ‘quinta’, cf. “Doce” i §13.

obelisk monument to the Argentine flag in Buenos Aires, at the intersection of Corrientes and 9 de julio

village in Bavaria, Germany, famous for its passion play

Parodi : Bustos menciona dos precursores del “Novísimo Teatro”: por una parte, el Drama de la Pasión, un espectáculo tradicional sobre la vida y pasión de Jesús representado desde 1634 en la ciudad bávara de Oberammergau; por otra, los festivales al aire libre, conocidos como Festspiele , que se realizan en algunas ciudades de Suiza y que tienen como tema la historia legendaria de Guillermo Tell, héroe de la lucha por la independencia suiza del siglo XIV. En “Tema del traidor y del héroe” ( Artificios , 1944), Borges define los Festspiele suizos como “vastas y errantes representaciones teatrales, que requieren miles de actores y que reiteran hechos históricos en las mismas ciudades y montañas donde ocurrieron”.

German traditional play on the life and passion of Jesus, performed since 1634

Argentine writer

region of Hungary and Slovakia

college in Oberlin, Ohio

now Walbrzych, Poland

Macedonio Fernaandez's wife, d. 1920

Argentine writer and philosopher, 1890-1949

Afro-Argentine servant who worked for the Borges family when Jorge Luis and Norah were children

Argentine poet, published in the Antología de la poesía argentina moderna in 1926 and in Nosotros in 1937

Argentinian lawyer and writer (1841-1924). He was the son of the Governor of Buenos Aires Pastor Obligado.

Argentine poet, 1851-1920, author of a version of Santos Vega

posthumous collection of Henríquez Ureña writings, 1960

Borges’s collection of poems, 1964

Montiel Ballesteros story

Argentine anthology of the writings of Lewis Carroll

Jonson, see Works

complete works of Ricardo Rojas, in some fifteen volumes

Gracián

Borges complete works, first in many small volumes, then in the 1974 single volume, and subsequently in three or volume volumes

duke of Maine, 1678

Lugones poems in Aguilar edition, 1949

Quevedo

ornate water works building in Buenos Aires

Parodi : Obras Sanitarias de la Nación es una empresa creada para suministrar a la ciudad agua potable, servicios de cloacas y desagües pluviales. La administración de la compañía funcionaba en el Palacio de las Aguas Corrientes, un edificio monumental y enteramente recubierto por piezas de cerámica, construido entre 1887 y 1894, que ocupa una manzana, con entrada por la Avenida Córdoba al 2000, en el barrio de Balvanera. Actualmente es Monumento Histórico Nacional y siguen funcionando allí la administración de la empresa y también el Museo del Patrimonio Histórico. En Descanso 125, comenta Bioy: “Juan Carlitos Bengolea me aseguró que el edificio de Aguas Corrientes de Córdoba entre Riobamba y Ayacucho fue elegido y comprado en Inglaterra por Manuel Ocampo, el padre de Silvina [Silvina Ocampo, la esposa de Bioy]. Comentó: “Ese hombre poderoso, en este país que entonces era riquísimo, con lúcida previsión de dificultades futuras eligió un edificio de mayólica que no requería periódicas pinturas.” Don Manuel Ocampo era ingeniero y arquitecto. Aclara Bioy en Descanso 328: “La gente de la generación de mis padres, al sistema de aguas de cañerías que recorren la ciudad y a las usinas que las bombean y las filtran, las llamaban las Aguas Corrientes. ‘Si falta agua, hay que llamar a las Aguas Corrientes’.”

character in Espinel novel

observatory where a crime takes place in a film by Borges and Bioy

sister of Victoria and Silvina Ocampo, 1891-1980

Argentine poet and short-story writer, 1903-93, co-editor with Borges and Bioy of the Antología de la literatura fantástica and the Antología poética argentina, and author of Enumeración de la patria, Espacios métricos, La Furia and other works

Fishburn and Hughes : "An Argentine writer, the sister of Victoria Ocampo and the wife of Bioy Casares, who was a friend and collaborator of Borges. Ocampo, Bioy Casares and Borges co-edited a collection of literature of the fantastic." (142)

Argentine essayist, 1890-1989, founder of the magazine Sur in 1930

Fishburn and Hughes : "An Argentine writer, an eminent figure on the Latin American literary scene. Between 1931 and 1970 she was the editor of Sur , a literary review which published Aldous Huxley, D.H. Lawrence, Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, as well as her compatriots and contemporaries, including Borges. She published most of her own writings in Testimonios , a series which began in 1935. They are brief essays on various subjects approached with insight and a perception of the fantastic. Elegant and aristocratic, Ocampo was one of the first Latin American feminists, and fought to uphold the rights of women authors; her 'Letter to Virginia' documents her beliefs." (142)

city in Spain south of Madrid

William of Occam or Ockham, English philosopher and theologian, c.1285-c.1349

Occident, the West

ocean nymphs

god of ocean

Fishburn and Hughes : "The name by which the Greeks referred to the waters of the Atlantic, believed to be a river surrounding the earth. The mountain which gave Ocean its name is Mount Atlas, which stood at the extremes of the earth and was later identified with the mountain range in north-west Africa that still bears the name. Atlas was the giant described by Homer ( Odyssey 1.52) on whose shoulders stood the columns separating Earth from Heaven." (143)

Japanese mountain

Spanish writer, 1815-1872, translator of Virgil's Georgics

Eisenstein film, 1927

Japanese monster

Bustos Domecq

Parodi : poema que Bustos habría leído en el Centro Balear de Rosario en 1915, inspirado en las Coplas a la muerte de su padre , escritas en 1476 por el poeta Jorge Manrique (1440−1479), un clásico de la literatura española. Las coplas de Manrique fueron publicadas en 1494 en Sevilla con el título Coplas de Jorge Manrique a la muerte de su padre, el Maestre don Rodrigo . En su obra posterior, Bustos Domecq cita un verso de estas coplas en “Limardo”.

Rubén Darío poem

Vilaseco political poem

Rubén Darío poem on Bartolomé Mitre

Lugones poem in El libro fiel

Lavardén poem, 1801

reference to Virgil's fourth eclogue, with its promise of the birth of a son

Montenegro poems

Casal poems

Antero de Quental book of odes, 1865

Formento poems, 1934, in imitation of Anglada's Himnos para millonarios 

Parodi : el mismo año en que Anglada habría publicado los Himnos para millonarios , su discípulo Formento lo emularía con un libro de odas.

Lugones poems for the Argentine centenary of independence, 1910

character in Bandamanna Saga

Stapledon science fiction novel, 1935

town in Iceland, birthplace of Snorri Sturluson

Coleridge poem, 1802

theater in Buenos Aires

Odessa, city in southern Russia

Norse supreme god, also Othin, Othinus, Voden and Woden

cat

Homer's Odyssey

Fishburn and Hughes : "Homer's epic describing the adventures of Ulysses (Odysseus), king of Ithaca, and his return after the Trojan war: in Borges's opinion, an archetypal story (see El oro de los tigres , 129). The Inmortal, CF 190: When after twenty years, having sailed across the seas pursued by Poseidon, he finally reaches Ithaca, Ulysses is recognised only by his nurse and his faithful dog Argos, whom he finds abandoned and neglected. He enrols the help of his son Telemachus to rid the palace of his wife's suitors, whom he kills, and re-establishes himself on the throne." (143)

Odoacer, chieftain of the Heruli, Sciri and Rugii in the service of Rome, later king of Italy, c.435-493

monster in Kafka fable

Friedrich study of Dante, 1942

western United States

Jacques Violette novel, 1938

Nierenstein Souza study, 1911

Parodi : Stuart Merrill (1863-1915), uno de los primeros poetas simbolistas de origen estadounidense, vivió la mayor parte de su vida en París y escribió sus poemas más conocidos en francés. Su antología de poemas en prosa ( Pastels in Prose , 1890) introdujo la nueva poesía francesa en el ambiente literario estadounidense.

Alan Griffiths novel, 1938

Maugham novel, and 1934 Cromwell film based on it

Steinbeck novella, 1937

Thomas Wolfe novel, 1935

Ophelia, character in Shakespeare's Hamlet

king of Mercia, called rex Anglorum, also mentioned in the Widsith, d. 796

German-French composer, 1819-80

French fashion magazine founded in 1921

Parodi : revista francesa publicada en París desde 1921, reúne artículos sobre moda y acontecimientos de la alta sociedad. Está orientada a un público femenino y cuenta también con una edición para hombres.

Fritz von Unruh play, 1911

Parodi : el nombre de la supuesta oficina pública encargada de la recolección de basura parodia el lenguaje ‘exquisito’ de ciertos políticos y gobernantes, y su capacidad para idear nombres pomposos y “fealdades complicadas” (cf. “H.B.D.” § 3). El nombre inventado parece haber agradado a Bioy, ya que en Jardines 229 lo repite, atribuyendo la cita al “Boletín Municipal del 10 de julio de 1942”. Sobre uno de los sustantivos empleados, comenta Bioy ( Borges 121): “Me cuenta [Borges] que L., que trabaja en la presidencia [de la Nación], está corrigiendo un discurso de Onganía [referencia a Juan Carlos Onganía (1914 - 1995) militar y presidente de facto entre 1966 y 1970]. El que le hizo el discurso escribió producido ; creía que producto era la yerba, el maíz.” Bioy, Diccionario : “Producido: Producto, exquisitamente. “El producido de la siembra del mijo”. (Lumbeira, La benemérita obra del Club Social de Productores y Reproductores de Cerdos , Buenos Aires, 1975)”. 

Zorrilla, 1848.

Fishburn and Hughes : "Hamlet's reply to Rosencrantz's suggestion that, if he found Denmark to be like a prison, it was because his ambitions made it too narrow for his mind (Act 2, scene ii)." (142)

Fishburn and Hughes : "An allusion to a line from Borges's poem, 'Del infierno y del cielo', in El otro, el mismo ( Obra Poética , 140) referring to the Day of Judgment when time will cease." (143)

state in United States

Ohio river

Maeterlinck, 1909

place in the southern part of province of Santiago del Estero where Facundo Quiroga is warned of ambush

Short story from the Antología de la literatura fantástica attributed to Ah'med Ech Chiruani.

state in United States

Olaf Geirstadalfr, Norse king of Vestfold, d. c. 840

9th century king of Dublin

Norwegian king, c. 963-1000

Olaf the Fat, St. Olaf, Perpetuus rex Norvegiae, Norwegian king, 995-1030

king of the Danish kingdoms of Northumbria and of Dublin, d. 981

high plateau in the province of Córdoba

Stevenson story

Swedish ecclesiastic, 1490-1558, author of Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus, 1555

military man, comrade in arms of Isidoro Suárez

Argentine patriot and military man, 1801-1845

Fishburn and Hughes : "An Argentine military leader who joined the Army of the Andes and took part in the battles of the War of Independence, Chacabuco, Cancha Rayada and Maipú. CF375 Olavarría later fought under the command of Sucre in the Peruvian campaign, so he may well have fought at Arequipa and Ayacucho. Back in Buenos Aires, Olavarría enrolled in the action against the empire of Brazil and was wounded in the battle of Ituzaingó in 1827. A supporter of Lavalle in the conflict against the Federalists, he was persecuted by Oribe and forced to flee to Montevideo, where he joined Rivera's forces and died soon after. Many details of his life coincide with details of the life of the fictional Mariano Rubio, with whom he is said to have exchanged swords. This was a romantic custom among generals, and Borges recalls that his own grandfather had exchanged swords with General Mansilla on the eve of a battle in the Paraguayan War (see 26 Agosto, 86)." (143)

cited as expert on knife-fighters of Buenos Aires

Walpole novel, 1924

Work, 1927, attributed in the Antología de la literatura fantástica to Holloway Horn.

Hemingway novella, 1952

Belloc, 1904

Fishburn and Hughes : "The old city of Montevideo, now the city's business centre." (143)

Peele play, 1595

Bennett, 1908

German scholar of Buddhism, c.1855-1920, author of Buddha: Sein Leben, seine Lehre, seine Gemeinde

Swedish-American artist, b. 1929

Consejo de Oldrado, pleito ganado: Spanish proverb; Oldrado was a lawyer for the Roman curia in the fourteenth century

Borges correspondent

street in Buenos Aires

river in eastern Uruguay

Olympia, ancient religious center in Greece

Olympus, mountain in Greece, fabled home of the gods

ancient name for Lisbon

Spanish statesman, 1587-1645

pseud. of Diego Arzeno, Argentine poet and journalist, 1900-66

Portuguese historian, 1845-94

Dickens novel, 1837-38

Argentine writer, 1898-1977, known for her several volumes of autobiography

19th century Argentine writer and theatre critic, member of the Circulo Cientifico Literario, and translator of Poe

character in Ipuche poem

northern suburb of Buenos Aires

Parodi : ciudad residencial del Gran Buenos Aires, con costa sobre el Río de la Plata, situada a unos 20 km al norte de la capital, en el Partido de Vicente López (cf. “Toros” i §2).

ollam, distinction given to leading poet in medieval Ireland

character in the mythologies of William Blake

city in Nebraska

second caliph, born in Mecca, c. 581-644, conqueror of Egypt

Persian poet and mathematician, d. c.1123, author of Rubaiyat, sometimes Jaiam

street in Buenos Aires

Parodi : a principios de 1910, la calle Ombú, en el barrio de Once, cambió su nombre por Pasteur.

Hudson collection of stories about Argentina, 1902

Ipuche poem

Sayers anthology of crime fiction, 1929

Philip Gosse treatise on the creation of the world, 1857

Keats ode, 1819

Belloc, 1910

Keats poem, 1816

Carlyle treatise, 1841

familiar name for Milton sonnet "When I consider how my light is spent," 1655

Steinbeck novel, 1937

De Quincey essay, 1827

Belloc, 1908

Robert Louis Stevenson essay

Belloc, 1910

Kipling story, 1888

monster in Golden Legend

neighborhood in Buenos Aires surrounding the Once railroad station

Fishburn and Hughes : "One of the oldest squares in Buenos Aires. Though associated in Borges's memory with horse-drawn carts, it later became a cosmopolitan market of shopkeepers and street vendors. Borges remembers meeting his friend the writer Macedonio Fernández in the Café La Perla on the square (Aleph 142 (227))." (144)

Parodi : 1) la Plaza del Once, Plaza Once o Plaza Miserere es el núcleo a partir del cual se desarrolló todo este barrio de Buenos Aires. Los ‘arcos’ aluden a la antigua recova, una de las varias que tuvo la ciudad, un corredor o galería cubierta que recibía ese nombre porque allí funcionó un mercado de aves. Fue construida sobre la Avenida Pueyrredón, una de las calles que rodean la plaza.

2) una zona del barrio de Balvanera que creció alrededor de los antiguos corrales, el matadero y el mercado de Miserere, y posteriormente, de la estación del subterráneo y la terminal del ferrocarril. Una de las zonas comerciales más densas de la ciudad; fue tradicional lugar de residencia y trabajo de la colectividad judía, con sus comercios, clubes sociales y deportivos, sinagogas, escuelas, teatros y periódicos en yiddish; aunque con menor densidad de población judía, continúa siendo una zona altamente cosmopolita. En la obra de Bustos Domecq y Suárez Lynch, el Once, sus calles y edificios son mencionados en varias ocasiones; es el lugar de residencia o actividades de diversos personajes. Entre los sitios reales, se mencionan la estación del ferrocarril, la Confitería La Perla, el Teatro Excelsior; el Cine Once; La Recova; el Western Bar; el cenotafio de Rivadavia; también se ubican en el Once algunos lugares ficticios: El Nuevo Imparcial , el Hotel Marconi, el Edificio Amianto. La Estación Once de Septiembre, del ferrocarril Sarmiento, es una de las centrales ferroviarias de Buenos Aires; presta servicios de transporte metropolitano, interurbano y, en menor medida, interprovincial; a principios de los años noventa se cancelaron los trenes de larga distancia que llevaban hacia el oeste del país y se clausuraron cientos de ramales y estaciones que empezaron a reabrirse en 2014.

Kafka short story collection

street in Buenos Aires

Fishburn and Hughes : "A leafy street in the more traditional part of the Belgrano district of Buenos Aires. There was, indeed, an Alvear villa on this street: Marcelo T de Alvear (president of Argentina 1922-28), and his wife, the opera singer Regina Pacini, had a large mansion (‘palacio’) in Once de Septiembre, 1240." (144)

movie theatre in Buenos Aires

Parodi : estaba sobre la Avenida Rivadavia, frente a la Plaza Once.

Parodi : la Estación Once u Once de Septiembre es una de las terminales ferroviarias de Buenos Aires desde donde salen los trenes hacia el oeste de la ciudad; la línea Sarmiento lleva a la estación de Merlo, donde estaría ubicada la quinta de la baronne ; cf. “Limardo” i § 11. 

Omdurman, battlefield in the Sudan in 1898

Langston Hughes, 1949

Swedish king mentioned in Widsith

English novelist, 1873-1961

Spanish critic, scholar and editor, 1886-1966

Parodi : “don Federico de Onís”: fue un destacado crítico literario, docente y escritor español (1885-1966), que dedicó buena parte de sus estudios a la lengua y literatura hispanoamericanas. En 1928 fundó la Revista de Estudios Hispánicos .

character in Blake's Visions of the Daughters of Albion, perhaps inspired by Ossian's Oithona

Crane title story of a collection published in 1898

Wells essay, 1928

Edgar Lee Masters, 1921

Cocteau, poetry, 1927.

Fritz von Unruh novel, 1918

Buenos Aires newspaper founded by Jacobo Timerman in 1971

Parodi : si bien varios diarios del país han llevado este nombre, podría pensarse en una posible alusión a un diario que se editaba en Buenos Aires en los años 70. Fundado por el periodista Jacobo Timerman en 1971, estaba pensado para un público de intelectuales, artistas, estudiantes y sectores progresistas de la clase media. Por su oposición la dictadura de 1976-1983, Timermann fue secuestrado en 1977. La Opinión publicaba los domingos un suplemento, La Opinión cultural , que fue sucesivamente dirigido por prestigiosos escritores.

Work by Jean Cocteau (1930).

Parodi : editorial apócrifa que en 1946 figuró como editora de las Dos fantasías memorables de H. Bustos Domecq y de Un modelo para la muerte , de B. Suárez Lynch y, al año siguiente, de la primera edición de Nueva refutación del tiempo , de Borges. El nombre de la editorial proviene de la Primera Epístola de Pablo a los Corintios – “ Nam oportet et haereses esse ” (11:19) – , que afirma la conveniencia de las herejías, una afirmación ajustada a la editora de dos fantasías que tratan de visiones y a un editor llamado ‘Pablo’ Oportet, que divulga pornografía. 

Parodi : supuesto propietario de la editorial donde trabaja Zalduendo. 

English novelist, 1866-1946

US poet, 1882-1932, author of poem Bread and Roses on striking textile workers

Loomis work, also known as Oso

Loomis work, also known as Catre

Peruvian poet, 1905-36

Oración a la luz, Guerra Junqueiro, 1904

Guerra Junqueiro, 1902

Chesterton story in The Incredulity of Father Brown

Parodi : “ El oráculo del perro ”: el cuento “The Oracle of the Dog” fue publicado por Gilbert K. Chesterton (1874-1936) en 1926; forma parte de la serie del Padre Brown. En 1934 Borges lo tradujo para el número 40 (del 5 de diciembre) de la Revista Multicolor de los Sábados con el título “La profecía del perro”. Cf. también “Goliadkin” i §13.

Gracián collection of aphorisms, 1647, translated into German by Schopenhauer

in Hermes Trismegistus

in Hermes Trismegistus

imaginary planet in Borges story

Fishburn and Hughes : "In Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius' the name given to a proposed encyclopaedia to be written in one of the languages of Tlön, relating to an imaginary planet, or to what our planet will become under the influence of Tlön. The Latin name stands in marked contrast with the Nordic 'Tlön' and the Arabic 'Uqbar'. Explanation of it in terms of what we call the 'third world' seems unacceptably out of context; a more satisfying theory would be that it refers to a view in later Gnosticism that an orbis tertius existed as an intermediary between the spiritual orbis primu s and the inferior, or casual, orbis alter . The attempt to resolve the duality of orbis primus and orbis alter is reflected towards the end of the story of 'Tlön', where it is said that the penetration of our world with 'objects' from Tlön would eventually result in an 'Orbis Tertius'. Another explanation may be found in the Copernican heliocentric system, according to which Mercury and Venus are the first and second planets orbiting round the sun and Earth the third." (144)

fantastic bird

Orkney Islands, north of Scotland

Sackville-West poem, 1921

British detective and adventure novelist, 1865-1947, author of Unravelled Knots 

Parodi : “la baronesa Orczy”: Emma (Emmuska) Orczy de Orczi (1865−1947), escritora húngara radicada en Londres, autora de novelas históricas, de aventuras y también de relatos policiales; es mundialmente célebre por su novela The Scarlet Pimpernel ( La Pimpinela Escarlata , 1905). Creadora de uno de los primeros detectives sedentarios del género, Bill Owen (protagonista de varios volúmenes de relatos, el primero de los cuales, The Old Man in the Corner , fue publicado en 1909, y de una de las primeras detectives femeninas, Lady Molly de Mazareen ( Lady Molly of Scotland Yard , 1910).

Argentine literary critic and playwright who wrote on the theater, 1912-2004

Van Wyck Brooks biography, 1920

Meredith novel, 1859

State in western United States

province in northwestern Spain

Orpheus, in Greek mythology, celebrated Thracian musician

Lugones political work, 1925

Verdussen treatise, 1949

Uruguayan physician and poet, 1893- 1975

Uruguayan general, politician and president, 1792-1857

Fishburn and Hughes : "A Uruguayan military and political leader, head of the Blanco party. Oribe fought against the Spanish in the Wars of Independence, joined Alvear's forces in the war against. Brazilian invasion and fought at Ituzaingó. When Uruguay regained its independence, Oribe became Minister of War and the Navy under the presidency of Rivera. Aspiring to the presidency himself, he then sought the support of Rosas, whose forces had been driven out of Uruguayan soil by Rivera. Oribe and Rosas counter-attacked in what became known as the Guerra Grande, during which Oribe's Blancos besieged Montevideo for eight years." (144)

Constituent college of the University of Oxford.

Fishburn and Hughes : "The old-fashioned name of the inhabitants of Uruguay, formerly known as Banda Oriental." (145)

Julio Silva book, 1926

the Orient, the East

Jorge Max Rohde book, 1933

Fishburn and Hughes : "(185-254). An early Christian theologian, one of the greatest of the Christian teachers, initiator of a scientific system of criticism of the Old and New Testaments and author of De Principiis. In 202 Demetrius, bishop of Alexandria, appointed Origen to supervise the exegesis of the sacred scriptures in order to fight heretical doctrines; he became jealous of Origen's reputation and later broke with him, asking that he be removed from his position and banished from Alexandria. Among the accusations Demetrius made against Origen was that, as a young man, he had mutilated himself in order to escape the temptations of the flesh. Origen tried unsuccessfully to vindicate his position in a letter to the bishop of Rome; his former friend Heraclas joined his enemies, thus securing his own succession as bishop on the death of Demetrius (an episode which seems consistent with the motif of rivalry in 'The Theologians'). Origen's faith is based on a metaphysical system inspired by Neoplatonic and Gnostic ideas. Like the Neoplatonists, Origen held that the soul, existing before the body, contains traces of the divine; by rediscovering and following these traces it arrives at full participation in the divine nature. Matter, though created by God as the sphere in which souls are tested and purified, stands in opposition to the divine in a situation which verges on Gnostic dualism; God is the regulating immutable idea, and Christ, his word (or 'logos') from eternity, is the mediator within the dualistic opposition." (145)

Origen, Christian scholar and philosopher, c. 185-c. 254

Menéndez y Pelayo work in 4 vols., 1905-1910

Isidoro de Sevilla encyclopedia of the seven liberal arts, geography, natural history, etc.

Text written by Vicente Fidel López.

Text written by Adolfo Saldias.

Text written by Leopoldo Lugones.

Borges-Bioy filmscript, 1955

river in Venezuela

in Greek mythology, Boethian hunter, turned into a constellation

Icelandic saga of Orkney history from the 9th to the 12th century, sometimes called the Jarla Sogur

Woolf novel, 1928, translated by Borges in 1937

Roland or Rolando, legendary Carolingian knight, subject of French epic poem and character in later poems by Boiardo and Ariosto

Ariosto poem, 1532

detective in film

mentioned in runic inscription

character in Borges story, a blacksmith

Hormuz or Hormoz, island and strait in Iran

Borges book of poems, 1972

Spanish literary circle

street in Buenos Aires

Orosius, 5th century Spanish historian, author of Historia adversus paganos

Work by Jean Cocteau (1926).

Orfeo, Padraic Colum, 1931

Fishburn and Hughes : "Pertaining to the sect which takes its name from the mythical Orpheus, whose activities are recorded as early as the sixth century BC. Their creed rested on the principle of an original sin from which the soul eventually achieves liberation after the course of multiple lives, through asceticism and purifying rites. CF 205: Demosthenes in the De Corona (330 BC) refers to Salazian or Bacchic rituals, whose routine was very similar to Orphic rituals. Purification with mud and other duties once performed by his rival Aeschines are mockingly described by Demosthenes (259): 'to clothe the catechumens... to wash their bodies, to scour them with the loam and the bran, and, when their lustration was performed... give out the hymn, "Here I leave my sins behind / Here the better way I find" ' making sure that 'no one ever emitted an ululation so powerful' as himself." (145)

character in Bustos Domecq story

Parodi : “Es de lo más tónico el diálogo con Ortega”: el personaje mencionado por Bustos es un joven comisionista, un “espíritu inquieto” que se desplaza por varias localidades suburbanas de Buenos Aires asistiendo a conferencias y exposiciones, “picoteando por aquí y por allá”. Puesto que el apellido del comisionista no parece vincularse con otros Ortega mencionados en la obra de Bustos, esta última observación sobre el ‘picoteo’ sugiere que, en esta ocasión, el nombre podría ser tomado en su acepción primaria de ‘gallinácea que corre más que vuela’.

Spanish philosopher and essayist, 1883-1955, author of Meditaciones del Quijote, La deshumanización del arte and numerous other works

Fishburn and Hughes : "A Spanish essayist, philosopher and journalist who lived in Argentina during the Spanish Civil War. Ortega y Gasset expounded the basic principles of his philosophy of life in his early Meditaciones del Quijote (1914) and El tema de nuestro tiempo (1923). Best known, however, are España invertebrada (1921: trans. Invertebrate Spain , 1937) in which he denounces Spain's lack of eminent intellectuals, and La deshumanización del arte (1925), in which he holds that art should not aim at imitating life. Though Ortega y Gasset is considered one of Spain's most brilliant stylists, Borges often made derogatory remarks about his style, which he considered artificial, rhetorical and full of hollow metaphors. Borges only slightly modified his tone upon Ortega's death, when he wrote that perhaps, one day, he would find his fame 'less mysterious'." (145-46)

Parodi : A José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955), filósofo y ensayista español, Borges lo menciona algunas veces en su obra personal, no siempre con simpatía. Ya en fecha temprana, ( Martín Fierro 42, 1927) Borges y Mastronardi firman “A un meridiano encontrado en una fiambrera” con el malicioso pseudónimo de ‘Ortelli’ y Gasset (en lunfardo, el sustantivo ‘orto’ –aquí relacionado con el apellido italiano Ortelli− se emplea con el significado de ano, trasero). Más de treinta años después, en 1970 (cf. El Informe de Brodie , “El duelo” 432), Ortega sigue siendo mencionado en páginas de Borges: “Los diarios habían puesto a su alcance páginas de Lugones y del madrileño Ortega y Gasset; el estilo de esos maestros confirmó su sospecha de que la lengua a la que estaba predestinada es menos apta para la expresión del pensamiento o de las pasiones que para la vanidad palabrera.”

pseudonym used by Borges and Mastronardi

Argentine poet and art critic, co-owner of Talleres Gráficos El Inca

Chesterton essay, 1908

Portuguese writer, 1836-1915

Argentine poet from Entre Ríos, 1896-1978

Argentine actress, 1900-87

son of Attila the Hun

son of a butcher from Wapping, 1834-1898, identified as the Tichborne Claimant

Ursa Major, the constellation

American author (1868-1947). Stepson of Robert Louis Stevenson.

Frank Harris biography, 1916

Hesketh Pearson, 1946.

Brasol study, 1938

book of the prophet Hosea in the Bible

Egyptian god of the underworld

Oscar Oski Conti, Argentine stage designer, 1904-1971

capital city of Norway

Hakim de Merv's father

Loomis work, 1911, later called Opus 1

Polish writer, 1876-1945, known for his historical novels about the Russian Revolution, also author of English language novel Beasts, Men and Gods, here spelled Ossendovski

legendary 3rd century Gaelic poet, hero of a cycle of tales and poems; later, James Macpherson attributed to Ossian two poems that he had at least partly written himself

N. Ostrumov, Russian collector and translator of tales from Turkestan

character in Borges story

character in Borges story

minor character in Borges-Bioy filmscript

Verdi opera, 1887

Fishburn and Hughes : see Tamberlik.

Othello, moor in Venetian service, subject of Shakespeare play

town in Kent, England

Ottfried von Weissenburg, German monk and poet, c.800- 870, author of Liber Evangeliorum

Shakespeare play, 1604

Capote novel, 1948

US inventor of elevator, 1811-1861

Otho, Holy Roman Emperor and German king, 912-973

Carriego poem, published posthumously

son of Hreidmar in the Volsunga Saga

Borges story in El Aleph

Borges book of essays, 1952

Book written by Luis Franco in 1941

Borges essay in Discusión

Borges story in El libro de arena

Borges book of poems, 1964

lake in New York state

travel account in Old English prose

Norwegian explorer whose life was told by Alfred the Great

Óttarr svarti, 11th century Icelandic skald

capital city of Canada

dentist and writer of detective stories, author of The Crime of the Century, 1896, The Artist in Crime, 1892, and various works on dentistry

Parodi : Rodrigues Ottolengui (1861−1937), además de autor de novelas y cuentos policiales fue un destacado dentista, entomólogo, dibujante y periodista norteamericano. Es conocido por la serie de novelas protagonizadas por el detective profesional especulativo Barnes y el investigador aficionado Mitchell.

city near Lausanne in Switzerland

Parodi : una localidad situada al sur de la ciudad suiza de Lausana, a orillas del lago Lemán (cf. infra ).

Fishburn and Hughes : "A town in north India annexed by the British in 1856. One of the seven holy places of the Hindus, Oudh is mentioned in the epic poem Ramayana and is also identified with episodes in the life of Buddha." (146)

Russell treatise on epistemology, 1914

Graham Green, novel, 1958.

Shaw memoir, 1931

Wilder play, 1938

former mining center and old capital of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Fishburn and Hughes : "The Portuguese for 'black gold', a city in Brazil south east of Central Minas Gerais in the Serra do Espinaco. Founded in 1700 during a short-lived gold rush, it later decayed and was preserved as a living museum of the eighteenth century." (146)

line from Henley's poem Invictus

C. S. Lewis science fiction novel, 1938

Van Vogt-Hull science fiction, 1948

Bret Harte story on California gold miners, 1869

Wells work of universal history, 1920

Chesterton, 1926.

Wright novel, 1952

16th century poet.

California magazine, 1868-75, 1883-1935

Publius Ovidius Naso, Latin poet, 43 B.C.-18 A.D., author of Metamorphoses

Italian literary scholar, 1849-1925, author of numerous studies of Dante

Welsh utopian socialist, 1771-1858

British poet known for his poems about trench warfare in the First World War, 1893-1918

university city in England

city in Mississippi

anthology of poetry in English edited by William Butler Yeats, 1936

Harvey, first published in 1932

in London

river in central Asia, also called the Amu Darya

Argentine essayist, critic and poet, 1857-1935, author of an Antología poética hispano-americana

French critic and literary historian, 1813-1853

Russian film director, 1893-1949

French actress, 1908-1989

Parodi : actriz belga, casada con el actor, escenógrafo y director francés Louis Jouvet; juntos presentaron obras teatrales en Buenos Aires en 1941 y 1942.

Shelley sonnet on a statue of Rameses the Great, 1818